STRANGERS'GUIDE 

Price  50  Cts. 


LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

STEWART  S.  HOWE 

JOURNALISM  CLASS  OF  1928 


STEWART  S.  HOWE  FOUNDATION 


917.53 

M83 
1875 


I  .H.S. 


\ 


MORRISON'S 


Stranger's  wuide 


WASHINGTON  CITY. 


Illustrate  iuitf)  Numerous  jBncjrarjtnQ.s. 


Entirely  Rewritten  and  Brought  Down  to  the  Present  Time. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. : 

W.    II.    &    O.    H.    MOKEISON. 

18  75. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1875, 
By  W.  H.  &  O.  H.  MORRISON, 
In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


^17.53 
I87S 


NOTICE. 


We  present  to  the  public  a  tenth  and  enlarged  edition 
of  the  Guide.  It  has  been  rewritten,  and  embraces  a 
description  of  the  public  buildings,  grounds,  and  objects 
of  interest  in  the  city  and  vicinity. 

The  visitor  in  Washington  has  long  felt  the  want  of 
a  guide  that  would  conduct  him  from  point  to  point,  and 
describe  the  different  objects  along  the  route.  This  the 
present  volume  proposes  to  do.  Our  city  is  too  large, 
and  the  places  of  note  too  widely  separated,  to  be  prop- 
erly visited  in  one  day  ;  consequent^',  we  have  extended 
the  time  to  four  days,  and  divided  the  city  into  four 
sections.  The  first  day  to  be  consumed  in  visiting  the  Cap- 
itol and  all  east  of  it ;  the  second  in  visiting  that  portion 
lying  between  the  Capitol  and  Fifteenth  Street,  W. ;  the 
third  in  visiting  all  west  of  Fifteenth  Street,  including 
Georgetown  and  Arlington  ;  and  the  fourth,  if  the  visi- 
tor is  so  inclined,  may  be  devoted  to  a  sail  down  the 
river  to  Alexandria  and  Mount  Vernon.  Should  the 
visitor  have  time  for  but  one  day's  stay  in  Washington, 
he  will  find,  excepting  the  Capitol  and  Treasury,  the 
chief  and  most  accessible  objects  of  interest  in  the  second 
day's  route. 

A  list  of  the  Churches,  Hotels,  Theatres,  Depots,  and 
Railways,  is  also  appended. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Washington  City 5 

The  Capitol  Buildings — Gen- 
eral Description 9 

Providence  Hospital 48 

St.  Peter's  Roman  Catholic 

Church 49 

Navy  Yard 49 

Government  Hospital  for  the 

Insane 50 

Marine  Barracks 51 

Christ  Church 51 

Naval  Hospital 51 

Congressional  Cemetery 52 

Institute  for  the  Deaf  and 

Dumb 55 

Government  Printing-Office,  55 
Government  Botanical  Gar- 
den   57 

Arsenal 59 

Smithsonian  Institution 61 

National  Museum 63 

Department  of  Agriculture..  65 

Museum  of  Agriculture 66 

Conservatory 67 

Propagating  Garden 67 

Franklin  Square 68 

Columbian  University 69 

Army  Medical  Museum 69 

Masonic  Temple 71 

Patent  Office 72 

Post-Office  Department 74 

Judiciary  Square  and   City 

Hall 75 


PAGE 

Eock  Creek  Church  and  Cem- 
etery   77 

National  Military  Cemetery,  77 

Soldiers'  Home 77 

Howard  University 79 

Treasury  Department 80 

Cash  Room 83 

Department  of  Justice 84 

President's  House So 

Washington  Monument 88 

Lafayette  Square 89 

Corcoran  Art  Gallery 90 

War  Department 92 

Navy  Department 93 

Winder's  Building 94 

Signal  Office 95 

National  Observatory 95 

Georgetown 97 

Arlington  House 98 

The  Cemetery 99 

Georgetown  College 100 

Convent  of  the  Visitation....  101 
Georgetown    High    Service 

Reservoir 101 

Oak  Hill  Cemetery 101 

Scott  Statue 102 

Louise  Home 103 

Mount  Vernon 106 

Alexandria 109 

Churches 109 

Hotels 113 

Railroads 114 

Streetcars 114 

Theatres 116 


WASHINGTON   CITY. 


ASHINGTON,  the  seat  of  Government  of 
the  United  States,  is  situated  upon  the 
Potomac,  at  the  head  of  tide-water  and  of 
navigation,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ana- 
costia.  The  Potomac  is  the  broadest  river 
in  the  Union,  and  one  of  the  most  beautiful.  At 
its  mouth  it  is  1\  miles  wide;  at  Washington  its 
width  is  \\  miles;  while  the  Anacostia  at  its  mouth 
is  about  as  wide  as  the  main  stream.  A  grand 
natural  amphitheatre  is  formed  by  a  chain  of  low 
wooded  hills  encircling  the  city  on  the  east,  north, 
and  west,  the  sides  and  tops  of  which  afford  com- 
manding views. 

The  site  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  Union, 
and  admirably  adapted  to  manufactures  and  com- 
merce. But  owing  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Baltimore  and  Alexandria,  and  the  official  gifts  of 


6  STRANGERS  GUIDE 

the  Government,  the  attention  of  the  inhabitants 
has  never  turned  toward  the  great  natural  advan- 
tages of  the  position  for  business  enterprises.  The 
city  is  contemporaneous  with  the  Capitol.  Prior 
to  the  location  of  the  seat  of  government  at  this 
place,  there  was  not  even  a  village  where  the 
beautiful  city  now  stretches  its  broad  avenues. 
The  act  establishing  the  seat  of  government  at  its 
present  location  was  passed  July  16, 1790 ;  and  in 
1800  the  transfer  from  Philadelphia  took  place. 
The  present  population  is  about  150,000.  The 
grandeur  of  the  j)lan  of  the  city,  and  the  distances 
of  the  public  edifices  from  each  other, .  with  the 
slender  aid  afforded  by  Congress,  have  retarded  its 
growth  and  the  completion  of  the  original  design. 
But  these  difficulties  are  being  overcome,  and,  since 
1861,  there  has  been  new  life  infused  into  the  slug- 
gish spirit  that  made  Washington  known  as  "  a 
city  of  distances."  In  1870  the  real  improvements 
began  in  earnest,  and  Washington,  with  its  lovely 
parked  streets  and  avenues,  its  completed  and 
newly  begun  public  buildings  and  elegant  private 
residences,  is,  perhaps,  the  most  beautiful  city  in 
the  Union.  The  prosperity  and  comfort  of  the 
city  is  greatly  enhanced  by  the  munificent  supply 
of  water  through  the  grand  aqueduct  recently 
completed.     The  consumption  of  water,  daily,  is 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  7 

about  17,000,000  gallons,  the  largest  quantity  pro- 
portionately to  size  of  any  city  in  the  world,  it  is 
said. 

On  the  21st  of  February,  1871,  an  Act  of  Con- 
gress was  passed,  declaring  that  all  that  part  of  the 
territory  of  the  United  States  included  within  the 
limits  of  the  District  of  Columbia  should  be  created 
into  a  government  by  the  name  of  the  said  district, 
and  that  the  executive  power  and  authority  in  and 
over  the  same  should  be  vested  in  a  Governor,  who 
should  be  appointed  by  the  President;  and  the 
legislative  power  be  vested  in  a  legislative  assembly. 
Under  this  act  the  President  appointed  Henry  D. 
Cooke,  Governor,  who  resigned  September,  1873, 
when  Alexander  R.  Shepherd  was  appointed  his 
successor,  and  remained  in  office  until  June,  1874; 
when  the  act  of  February,  1871,  was  amended  by 
abolishing  the  executive  and  the  legislature,  and 
vesting  the  authority  temporarily  in  three  Com- 
missioners. Under  this  act  the  President  appointed 
Hon.  Henry  T.  Blow,  Hon.  John  H.  Ketcham, 
and  Hon.  William  Dennison,  Commissioners,  who 
entered  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties  July, 
1874. 

In  the  large  buildings  situated  on  Four-and-a- 
Half  Street,  between  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  C 
Street,  known  as  the  Morrison  Buildinas,  are  the 


8  STRANGER'S  GUIDE. 

municipal  offices  generally,  such  as  that  of  the 
District  Commissioners,  the  Tax  Collector,  the 
Register,  and  the  Fire  Department.  This  last 
building,  which  is  admirably  adapted,  both  by 
situation  and  by  large  and  commodious  fire-proof 
structures,  for  the  purposes  to  which  it  is  now  de- 
voted, was  until  lately  partially  occupied  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  its  con- 
ference-room and  library.  These  being  removed 
to  the  Capitol  gave  the  District  Government  the 
opportunity  of  getting  into  the  buildings. 


THE  CAPITOL  AND  ALL  EAST  OF  IT, 


THE  CAPITOL. 


GENERAL     DESCRIPTION. 

HE  Capitol  has  a  noble  and  commanding 
situation  upon  the  brow  of  what  is  known 
as  Capitol  Hill,  in  about  the  centre  of  the 
plot  of  the  city,  and  a  mile  northeast  of  the 
Potomac.  The  beautiful  white  dome  spring- 
ing so  airily  into  the  sky,  is  visible  for  miles  around, 
while  from  it  a  magnificent  view  of  the  surround- 
ing country  may  be  obtained,  amply  rewarding  the 
exertion  of  climbing  to  the  outlook.  The  river  is 
seen  to  emerge  from  the  narrow  gorges  of  the  hills 
in  the  direction  of  the  Blue  Ridge ;  suddenly  it 
turns  from  a  nearly  eastern  to  a  southern  direc- 
tion, and  meeting  with  the  ocean  tides  it  widens 
into  a  bay,  a  mile  in  width,  whose  placid  waters 


10  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

mirror  the  elevated  slopes   which   wall  it  in  on 
either  side. 

The  Capitol,  like  Koine,  was  not  built  in  a  day. 
It  has  gradually  grown  with  the  country,  and  like 
the  country,  it  was  modelled  upon  a  grand  scale, 
and  with  an  eye  to  future  enlargements.  The  cor- 
ner-stone of  the  old  building,  which  now  constitutes 
the  centre  of  the  new  edifice,  was  laid  on  the  18th 


UNITED    STATES   CAPITOL. 


of  September,  1793,  by  General  Washington,  in 
the  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  citizens,  and 
with  imposing  ceremonials.  The  plan  was  drawn 
by  Dr.  Thornton,  and  the  work  executed  under 
several  successive  architects  (Messrs.  Hallet,  Had- 
field,  Hoban,  and  Latrobe),  but  was  not  complete 
when  it  was  destroyed  by  the  British  army,  in 
1814.     It  was  rebuilt  in  the  course  of  the  succeed- 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  11 

ing  ten  years,  but  after  a  quarter  of  a  century  it 
was  found  inadequate  in  many  respects  to  the  pub- 
lic convenience.  It  is  352  feet  4  inches  in  length. 
The  width  of  the  wings  is  121  feet,  and  the  width 
of  the  centre,  including  the  portico  and  steps,  290 
feet.  This  whole  structure,  including  centre  and 
wings,  became  the  centre  of  the  new  building. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  new  wings  was  laid  by 
President  Fillmore,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1851.  Mr. 
Webster  delivered  an  oration  on  the  occasion. 
The  wings  are  connected  with  the  main  building  by 
corridors,  each  44  feet  in  length,  and  55  in  width. 
They  are  each  324  feet  in  length,  from  east  to 
west,  including  porticos  and  steps,  by  152  feet 
8  inches,  from  north  to  south,  including  porticos. 
The  total  length  of  the  whole  edifice  is  751  feet 
4  inches. 

The  material  of  the  old  building  is  yellow  sand- 
stone, which  has  been  painted  white  to  beautify 
and  preserve  it.  The  wings  are  of  white  marble. 
The  architecture  is  Corinthian  ;  and  the  style  of 
finish,  exterior  and  interior,  is  elaborate.  The  new 
dome  rises  241  feet  above  the  top  of  the  building, 
and  396  feet  4  inches  above  the  level  of  the  grounds, 
or  only  4  feet  less  than  St.  Paul's,  and  36  feet 
less  than  St.  Peter's.  The  material  of  the  dome 
is  cast  iron,  and  the  entire  roof  is  of  copper. 


12  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

The  entire  amount  appropriated  by  Congress, 
since  1800  to  date,  for  the  construction  and  preser- 
vation of  the  Capitol,  is  over  813,000,000. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  visitor  will  approach  the 
Capitol  through  the  west  grounds,  and  after  as- 
cending the  terrace  and  interior  stairways,  enter 
the  Rotunda  through  the  west  door. 

THE    ROTUNDA 

Is  96  feet  in  diameter  and  180  feet  high  to  the 
Canopy,  which  is  6o  feet  in  diameter.  This  Canopy 
is  decorated  by  a  fresco  by  Brumidi,  representing 
a  deification  of  Washington,  with  Freedom  on  his 
right,  and  Victory  on  his  left,  while  thirteen  female 
figures  in  the  foreground  represent  the  original 
States.  At  the  base  are  six  groups  designed  as  an 
allegorical  representation  of  the  Revolution.  The 
artist  and  his  assistants  received  839,000  for  their 
work,  and  the  cost  of  the  material  is  estimated  at 
over  810,000.  A  nearer  view  may  be  obtained 
from  a  platform  immediately  beneath  the  Canopy 
in  ascending  to  the  top  of  the  Dome. 

The  circular  wall  about  the  sides  of  the  Rotunda 
is  divided  into  eight  panels,  occupied  by  historical 
paintings.  Four  of  them  are  illustrative  of  Rev- 
olutionary events,  and  were  executed  by  Colonel 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  13 

John  Trumbull,  of  Connecticut,  an  aid-de-cainp  to 
Washington.  They  represent  the  Declaration  of 
Independence ;  the  Surrender  of  General  Burgoyne, 
at  Saratoga ;  the  Surrender  of  Cornwallis,  at  York- 
town  ;  and  the  Resignation  of  the  Command  of  the 
Army  by  General  Washington  to  Congress,  at 
Annapolis,  at  the  conclusion  of  peace.  The  other 
paintings  in  the  four  opposite  panels,  are,  respect- 
ively, the  Embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims,  by  Weir ; 
the  Landing  of  Columbus,  by  Vanderlyn;  De 
Soto's  Discovery  of  the  Mississippi,  by  Powell ; 
and  the  Baptism  of  Pocahontas,  by  Chapman. 
The  paintings  are  all  by  American  artists. 

PAINTINGS   IN   THE    ROTUNDA. 

These  paintings  contain  many  portraits  painted 
from  life,  and  deserve  a  special  description  on  ac- 
count of  their  value  as  truthful  representations  ■ 
of  noted  people,  and  episodes  in  our  history  as  a 
nation. 

DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

The  hall,  with  its  furniture,  and  the  dress  of  the 
figures,  are  correctly  pictured  in  this  portrayal  of 
the  memorable  moment  of  Signing  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.      The  persons  represented  are, 


14 


STRAXGER'S  GUIDE 


beginning  on  the  left  and  continuing  to  the  right, 
1,  George  Wythe,  of  Virginia ;  2,  William  Whip- 
ple, and  3,  Josiah  Bartlett,  of  New  Hampshire ; 
4,  Benjamin  Harrison,  of  Virginia;  5,  Thomas 
Lynch,  of  South  Carolina ;  6,  R.  H.  Lee,  of  Vir- 
ginia;    7,  Samuel  Adams,  of  Massachusetts;    8, 


SIGNING  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

George  Clinton,  of  New  York ;  9,  William  Paca, 
and  10,  Samuel  Chase,  of  Maryland;  11,  Lewis 
Morris,  and  12,  William  Floyd,  of  New  York ; 
13,  Arthur  Middleton,  and  14,  Thomas  Heyward, 
of  South  Carolina  ;  1 5,  Charles  Carroll,  of  Mary- 
land ;  16,  George  Walton,  of  Virginia ;  17,  Robert 
Morris,  18,  Thomas  Willing,  and  19,  Benjamin 
Rush,  of  Pennsylvania;  20,  Elbridge  Gerry,  and 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  15 

21,  Eobert  T.  Paine,  of  Massachusetts;  22,  Abra- 
ham Clark,  of  New  Jersey;  23,  Stephen  Hopkins, 
and  24,  William  Ellery,  of  Rhode  Island;  25, 
George  Clymer,  of  Pennsylvania ;  26,  William 
Hooper,  and  27,  Joseph  Hewes,  of  North  Carolina; 
28,  James  Wilson,  of  Pennsylvania;  29,  Francis 
Hopkinson,  of  New  Jersey ;  30,  John  Adams,  of 
Massachusetts ;  31,  Roger  Sherman,  of  Connecticut; 
32,  R.  L.  Livingstone,  of  New  York ;  33,  Thomas 
Jefferson,  of  Virginia;  34,  Benjamin  Franklin,  of 
Pennsylvania;  35,  Richard  Stockton,  of  New 
Jersey ;  36,  Francis  Lewis,  of  New  York ;  37,  John 
Witherspoou,  of  New  Jersey ;  38,  Samuel  Hunting- 
ton, 39,  William  Williams,  and  40,  Oliver  Wolcott, 
of  Connecticut;  41,  John  Hancock,  of  Massachu- 
setts; 42,  Charles  Thomson,  of  Pennsylvania ;  43, 
George  Reed,  of  Delaware ;  44,  Jonathan  Dick- 
inson, of  Pennsylvania  ;  45,  Edward  Rutledge,  of 
South  Carolina ;  46,  Thomas  McKean,  of  Dela- 
ware ;  and  47,  Philip  Livingstone,  of  New  York. 

SURRENDER   OF   BURGOYXE. 

This  painting  represents  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga, 
October,  1777,  as  he  is  offering  his  sword  to  Gen- 
eral Gates,  who  declines  to  receive  it,  and  invites 
the  conquered  General  into  his  quarters.     Begin- 


16 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


ning  at  the  left,  the  portraits  are  of— 1,  Major 
Lithgow,  of  Massachusetts  ;  2,  Colonel  Cillry,  and 
3,  General  Stark,  of  Xew  Hampshire ;  4,  Captain 
Seymour,  of  Connecticut ;  5,  Major  Hull,  and  6, 
Colonel  Greaton,  of  Massachusetts  ;  7,  Major  Dear- 
born, and  8,  Colonel  Scammell,  of  New  Hampshire ; 
9,  Colonel  Lewis,  of  New  York;  10,  Major-Gen- 


SURRENDER   OF   BL'Rl'OYXE. 

eral  Phillips,  of  the  British  Army  ;  11,  Lieutenant- 
General  Burgoyne,  Commander  of  the  British 
Forces  ;  12,  General  Baron  Rudeisel,  of  the  British 
Army  ;  13,  Colonel  Wilkinson  ;  14,  General  Gates, 
Commander  of  the  American  Forces ;  15,  Colouel 
Prescott,  of  Massachusetts  ;  16,  Colonel  Morgan,  of 
Virginia ;  17,  Brigadier-General  Eufus  Putnam, 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  17 

18,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts ; 

19,  Reverend  Mr.  Hitchcock,  of  Rhode  Island, 
Chaplain ;  20,  Major  Robert  Troup,  of  New  York  ; 
21,  Major  Haskell,  of  Massachusetts;  22,  Major 
Armstrong;  23,  Major-General  Philip  Schuyler,  of 
New  York  ;  24,  Brigadier-General  Glover,  of  Mas- 
sachusetts; 25,  Brigadier-General  Whipple,  of  New 
Hampshire ;  26,  Major  Clarkson,  of  New  York ; 
and  27,  Major  Stevens,  of  Massachusetts. 

SURRENDER   OF   CORNWALLIS. 

The  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown, 
Va.,  October,  1781,  was  the  close  of  the  long,  bitter 
contest,  and  was  attended  by  peculiar  circumstan- 
ces. When  General  Lincoln  had  surrendered  to 
the  British  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  some  time  before, 
Lord  Cornwallis  refused  to  permit  the  Americans 
to  march  out  with  flying  colors  as  was  usual. 
When  Cornwallis  surrendered,  General  Washing- 
ton appointed  General  Lincoln  to  oversee  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  British  should  submit,  which  was 
with  arms  shouldered  and  colors  lowered. 

On  the  right  of  the  road  leading  to  Yorktown 
are  the  American  troops,  and  opposite  are  the 
French  troops,  while  Cornwallis  and  his  officers 
are  passing  the  American  and  French  Generals. 

The  persons  represented  are,  beginning  on  the 


18 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


left:  1,  Count  Deuxponts;  2,  Duke  de  Laval  Mont- 
morency ;  3,  Count  Custine ;  4,  Duke  de  Lauzun; 
5,  General  Choisy  ;  6,  Viscount  Viomenil ;  7,  Mar- 
quis de  St.  Simon ;  8,  Count  Ferson ;  9,  Count 
Dumas ;  10,  Marquis  Chastellux  ;  11,  Baron  Vio- 
menil; 12,  Count  de  Barre;  13,  Count  de  Grasse; 


SURRENDER   OF   CORNWAIXIS 


14,  Count  Rochambeau,  General-in-Chief  of  the 
French  Forces  ;  15,  General  Lincoln  ;  16,  Colonel 
Stevens;  17,  General  Washington;  18,  Thomas 
Nelson;  19,  Lafayette;  20,  Baron  Steuben;  21, 
Colonel  Cobb ;  22,  Colonel  Trumbull ;  23,  Major- 
General  Clinton,  of  New  York ;  24,  General  Gist, 
of  Maryland ;  25,  General  Wayne,  of  Pennsylvania ; 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


19 


26,  General  Hand,  of  Pennsylvania ;  27,  General 
Muhlenberg,  of  Pennsylvania;  28,  Major-General 
Knox;  29,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Huntingdon;  30, 
Colonel  Timothy  Pickering;  31,  Colonel  Alex- 
ander Hamilton ;  32,  Colonel  Laurens,  of  South 
Carolina ;  33,  Colonel  Walter  Stuart,  of  Penn- 
sylvania ;  34,  Colonel  Nicholas  Fish,  of  New  York. 


RESIGNATION   OF   GENERAL    WASHINGTON. 

This   scene  transpired  in  the  State  House,  at 
Annapolis,  Md.,  December  23d,  1783.     The  por- 


BESIGNATION  OF  GENERAL  WASHINGTON. 

traits  given  are  of  the  following  persons,  com- 
mencing on  the  left :  1,  Thomas  Mifflin,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  was  President  of  Congress ;  2,  Charles 
Thomson,  of  Pennsylvania;    3,  Elbridge   Gerry, 


20  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

of  Massachusetts ;  4,  Hugh  Williamson,  of  North 
Carolina  ;  5,  Samuel  Osgood,  of  Massachusetts ; 
6,  Edward  McComb,  of  Delaware ;  7,  George 
Partridge,  of  Massachusetts ;  8,  Edward  Lloyd, 
of  Maryland  ;  9,  R.  D.  Spaight,  and  10,  Benjamin 
Hawkins,  of  North  Carolina;  11,  A.  Foster,  of 
New  York;  12,  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia; 
13,  Arthur  Lee,  of  Virginia  ;  14,  David  Howell, 
of  Rhode  Island  ;  15,  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia  ; 
16,  Jacob  Reed,  of  South  Carolina ;  17,  James 
Madison,  of  Virginia ;  18,  William  Ellery,  of 
Rhode  Island ;  19,  J.  T.  Chase,  of  Maryland  ; 
20,  S.  Hardy,  of  Virginia ;  21,  Charles  Morris,  of 
Pennsylvania  ;  22,  General  Washington  ;  23  and 
24,  Colonels  Walker  and  Humphreys ;  25  and  26, 
Generals  Smallwood  and  Williams ;  27  and  28, 
Colonels  Smith  and  Howard,  of  Maryland ;  29, 
Charles  Carroll  and  two  daughters,  of  Maryland  ; 

30,  Mrs.  Washington  and  her  three  grandchildren  ; 

31,  Daniel  Jenifer,  of  Maryland. 

THE   BAPTISM    OF   POCAHONTAS,  1613. 

This  Indian  princess  is  receiving  the  Christian 
sacrament  of  baptism.  At  her  side  is  John  Rolfe, 
her  future  husband.  The  following  portraits  are 
introduced,  beginning  on  the  left:  1,  Standard 
Bearer ;  2,  the  Page  ;  3,  John  and  Ann  Laydon  ; 


TO    WASHINGTON  CITY. 


21 


4,  Sir  Thomas  Dale ;  5,  Alexander  Whitaker ;  6, 
Hans  Spilman  ;  7,  Pocahontas ;  8,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Forrest,  first  settlers  ;  9,  John  Rolfe ;  10,  sister  to 


BAPTISM   OF   rOOAHOXTAS. 


Pocahontas;  11,  Nantequas,  brother  to  Pocahon- 
tas ;  12,  Opechaucanoagh ;  13,  uncle  to  Pocahon- 
tas ;  14,  Richard  WhiflBn. 


DISCOVERY   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVER. 

This  painting  is  intended  as  a  representation  of 
the  moment  when  De  Soto  discovered  the  Missis- 
sippi, May,  1541 ;  but  is  not  considered  historically 
correct,  as  the  party  was  ragged  and  broken  down, 
and  felt  little  elation  when  at  last  the  waters  of 


22 


STRAXGERS  GUIDE 


the  great  river  broke  upon  their  view.     The  fig- 
ures are  De  Soto  mounted,  and  some  soldiers  and 


DISCOVERY   OF  THE   MISSISSIPPI  BY   DE  SOTO. 

Indians.     De  Soto,  it  will  be  remembered,  died 
from  fatigue,  and  was  buried  in  the  river. 


LANDING   OF    COLUMBUS. 

This  represents  Columbus,  October  12th,  1492, 
in  the  act  of  proclaiming  possession,  in  the  name 
of  the  king  and  queen  of  Spain,  of  the  island 
which  was  the  first  land  discovered.  The  figure 
of  Columbus  is  easily  recognized,  and  the  remain- 
ing figures  explain  themselves. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


23 


LANDING   OF   COLUMBUS. 


EMBARKATION    OF    THE    PILGRIMS. 

This  picture  portrays  the  Puritan  fathers  em- 
barking for  the  wilds  of  America,  from  Delft 
Haven,  Holland,  July  21,  1620,  in  the  hope  of 
finding  their  religious  liberty, 

The  following  are  the  portraits,  commencing  on 
the  left:  1,  boy  of  Mrs.  Winslow;  2,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Winslow ;  3,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White ;  4,  boy 
of  Mrs.  Winslow  ;  5,  Mrs.  Brewster  and  child  ;  6, 
Elder  William  Brewster ;  7,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fuller ; 
8,  William  Bradford ;  9,  Governor  Carver ;  10, 
Nurse  and  child  ;  11,  Mrs.  Caryer  and  child  ;  12, 
William  Robinson,  pastor  of  the  little  flock  ;  13, 
Mrs.  Bradford;  14,  Captain  Reynolds;  15,  boy  of 
Governor  Carver;  16,  Miles  Standish  and  his  wife 
Rose. 


24 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


Above  the  four  entrances  to  the  Rotunda  are 
four  groups  of  sculpture  in  high  relief,  also  illus- 
trative of  events  in  the  history  of  the  country. 


EMBARKATION   OF  THE  PILGRIM; 


That  over  the  north  door  represents  William  Penn 
in  the  act  of  making  a  treaty  with  the  Indians 
under  an  elm  tree.  On  the  opposite  wall,  Daniel 
Boone,  the  pioneer  of  Kentucky,  is  represented  in 
a  desperate  conflict  with  some  Indians.  Over  the 
eastern  doorway  is  a  group  representing  the  land- 
ing of  the  pilgrims  at  Plymouth  Rock.  The  boat 
has  just  touched  the  rock,  when  the  Englishman  is 
met  by  the  Indian  with  the  offer  of  an  ear  of  corn, 
as  a  symbol  of  hospitality  and  friendship.  The 
child  of  the  white  man  seems  to  beg  his  father  not 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


25 


to  venture  on  shore,  while  the  mother  looks  with 
trustful  eyes  to  heaven.  Over  the  western  door, 
Pocahontas  is  shown  in  the  act  of  shielding  Cap- 
tain John  Smith,  the  pioneer  colonist  of  Virginia, 
from  the  savage  ferocity  of  her  father,  Powhatan. 
These  groups  are  by  Italian  artists  and  cost  $3500 
each. 

LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS. 

The  principal  door  of  the  Library  is  directly 
opposite  the  west  door  of  the  Rotunda.  This 
Library     con- 


sists of  a  hall 
91  feet  long,  34 
feet  wide,  and 
38  feet  high, 
with  a  wing  on 
the  north,  and 
one on  the south 
end  of  the  main 
hall.  These 
wings  are  each 
95  feet  long,  29J  feet  wide,  and  38  feet  high. 
These  halls  are  considered  to  be  perfectly  fire- 
proof, the  entire  shelving  and  walls  being  built 
of  iron,  and  the  floor  laid  with  encaustic  tile. 
It  is  the  only  fire-proof  library  in  the  world,  and 


CONGRESSIONAL   LIBRARY. 


26  STRANGERS  GUIDE 

the  largest  and  finest  in  the  United  States.  It 
is  for  the  use  of  Senators  and  Members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  Judges  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  and  heads  of  the  de- 
partments. 

It  consists  of  230,000  volumes,  exclusive  of  pam- 
phlets, and  the  number  increases  at  the  rate  of 
10,000  volumes  and  5000  pamphlets  annually. 
It  is  peculiarly  rich  in  books  and  maps  relating  to 
America,  and,  very  properly,  more  information  of 
the  history  and  topography  of  America  is  to  be 
found  here  than  in  any  other  library  in  the  world. 
A  magnificent  view  of  the  city  can  be  obtained  from 
the  balcony  on  the  west  side  of  the  library. 

All  persons  of  not  less  than  sixteen  years  of 
age,  can  obtain  books,  to  be  read  only  in  the  library, 
by  filling  one  of  the  blank  forms  lying  on  the  table, 
and  handing  it  in  at  the  librarian's  desk. 

The  law  branch  of  the  library  occupies  a  room 
formerly  used  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  and  is  immediately  under  the  present  Su- 
preme Court  room.  This  law  library  is  the  largest 
and  most  valuable  collection  of  the  kind  in  the 
United  States. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


27 


SUPREME    COURT    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Returning  to  the  Rotunda,  the  visitor,  in  passing 
to  the  Senate  wing,  through  the  north  door  of  the 
Rotunda,  will  find  the  door  of  the  Supreme  Court 
room  opening  on  the  right  from  the  vestibule. 

The  second 
Monday  in 
October  has 
been  fixed  by 
Act  of  Con- 
gress, Janu- 
ary, 1873,  as 
the  day  for  the 
opening  of  the 
sessions  of  the 

Court.  SUPREME  COURT  ROOM. 

This  room  was  the  United  States  Senate  cham- 
ber. 

Continuing  north,  the  visitor  reaches  the  corridor 
of  the  Senate,  opposite  the  entrance  to  the  floor  of 
the  chamber,  then,  turning  to  the  right,  he  fol- 
lows the  corridor  until  he  reaches  the  vestibule  of 
the  main  entrance  to  the  Senate  wing,  where  is 
found  the  Crawford  or 


28  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


SENATE    BRONZE    DOOR. 

This  beautiful  work  of  art  was  placed  in  its  posi- 
tion at  the  eastern  or  main  entrance  to  the  Senate 
wing  in  Novenber,  1868.  It  is  14  feet  6  inches 
high,  and  measures  in  width,  including  the  jambs, 
7  feet  6  inches.  It  consists  of  two  valves,  the  one 
on  the  right  commemorating  War  and  its  fierce 
conflicts;  that  on  the  left,  Peace  and  its  attendant 
triumphs.  In  the  upper  panel  of  the  right  valve 
we  have  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  the  Death 
of  Warren ;  next  the  Battle  of  Monmouth,  and 
General  Lee,  who  meditated  betraying  the  Ameri- 
can Army,  receiving  the  scathiDg  rebuke  of 
Washington ;  next  comes  the  Siege  of  Yorktown, 
with  the  noble  and  gallant  Hamilton  at  the  head 
of  the  storming  party ;  and  finally  we  see  a  Hes- 
sian soldier  attackiug  the  homestead  of  a  Colonist, 
and  receiving  his  death-wound  from  its  brave 
defender.  In  the  lower  panel  of  the  left  valve  we 
have  the  allegorical  representation  of  Peace ;  in 
the  panel  next  above  is  the  Ovation  to  Washing- 
ton, at  Trenton,  K.  J.,  as  he  was  on  his  way  to  New 
York  to  assume  the  office  of  President ;  the  panel 
above  this  represents  the  Inauguration  of  Wash- 
ington as  first  President  of  the  United  States ; 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  29 

and  in  the  upper  panel  we  see  the  Laying  of  the 
Corner-stone  of  the  Capitol  by  Washington,  in 
September,  1793. 

This  door  was  designed  by  Crawford,  and  is  gen- 
erally considered  to  be  equal  to  the  Kogers  door, 
besides  having  the  merit  of  being  a  home  produc- 
tion, as  it  was  cast  at  the  Chicopee  Foundry,  in 
Massachusetts,  by  the  Messrs.  Ames ;  it  was  the 
last  work  by  the  lamented  Crawford.  The  entire 
weight  of  the  door  is  14,000  pounds;  the  cost  of 
construction  was  $56,000,  of  which  the  artist  re- 
ceived $6000  for  the  model,  and  the  remainder 
was  for  casting.  Above  the  door  are  two  figures 
in  American  marble,  by  Crawford,  representing 
Justice  and  History. 

Passing  through  this  door  the  visitor  emerges 
upon  the  portico  of  th»e  Senate  wing.  The  tym- 
panum of  the  pediment  of  this  portico  is  filled 
with  sculpture  by  the  late  Thomas  Crawford.  He 
endeavored  to  represent  by  a  single  group  the  his- 
tory and  condition  of  the  United  States. 

In  the  centre  stands  the  figure  of  America  hold- 
ing in  her  right  hand  some  laurel  wreaths  which 
she  offers  as  rewards  to  those  of  her  citizens  who 
have  justly  earned  such  honors.  She  is  supported 
by  the  eagle  and  by  the  rising  sun,  typical  of  the 
strength  and  youth  of  the  nation.     On  her  right 


30  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

are  the  emblems  of  civilization  and  progress,  which 
are  the  fruits  of  liberty  and  republicanism.  The 
soldier  stands  with  his  hand  on  his  sword  ready  to 
defend  ;  the  merchant,  with  his  hand  on  the  globe, 
advances  commerce;  the  youth,  from  the  public 
school,  comes  ready  to  serve  his  country  and  pro- 
mote her  industry  by  educated  application  to  trade, 
to  manufactures,  to  diplomacy,  or  to  arms ;  the 
teacher  instructs  the  youth ;  the  mechanic  rests 
from  his  labor,  with  hammer  and  wheel,  and  occu- 
pies his  place  between  the  emblems  of  agriculture 
and  commerce,  and  public  instruction  and  employ- 
ment. 

On  the  left  hand  the  conquest  of  the  wilderness 
and  of  the  savage  are  presented.  The  j3ioneer 
levels  the  forest.  The  youthful  hunter,  loaded 
with  game,  looks  askance  at  the  clearing  of  the 
new  settler.  The  Indian  warrior,  in  an  attitude 
of  deepest  despondency,  contemplates  and  laments 
the  gradual  extinction  of  his  race,  and  his  wife 
aud  child  recline  behind  him,  and  separate  him 
from  the  grave,  which  here  is  typical  of  the  end  of 
an  inferior  race,  which  is  giving  place  to  culture 
and  education  in  a  higher  order  of  beings.  This 
is  considered  by  many  to  be  the  greatest  work  of 
Crawford  and  one  of  the  loveliest  adornments  of  the 
Capitol. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  31 

Re-entering,  the  visitor  will  see  at  the  foot  of  the 
stairs  leading  to  the  East  Gallery  of  the  Senate, 
the  statute  of  Franklin,  by  Powers.  Cost  $10,000. 
Above  the  first  landing  is  the  painting  of  Perry's 
Victory  over  the  British  on  Lake  Erie,  by  Powell, 
of  Ohio.  Cost  $25,000.  This  staircase  is  of  highly 
polished  Tennessee  marble,  and  is  exceedingly 
beautiful. 

THE  SENATE  RECEPTION  ROOM 

Opens  from  the  north  of  the  east  vestibule  of  the 
Senate  wing.  This  room  is  60  feet  long.  The 
ceiling  is  vaulted  and  divided  into  two  arches. 
The  north  half  is  embellished  with  frescoes  repre- 
senting Liberty,  War,  Plenty,  and  Peace ;  and 
those  in  the  south  half  represent  Prudence,  Justice, 
Temperance,  and  Strength.  These  are  by  Brumidi, 
as  is  also  the  painting  under  the  arch  in  the  south 
wall,  portraying  Washington  in  consultation  with 
Jefferson,  Secretary  of  State,  and  Hamilton,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury. 

On  the  east  a  door  opens  into  the  Post-office  of 
the  Senate.  The  fresco  on  the  ceiling  is  by  Bru- 
midi, and  represents  History,  Geography,  Physics, 
and  the  Telegraph. 

Adjoining  is  the  Room  of  the  Sergeant-at-Arms 


32 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


of  the  Senate.  On  the  walls  are  four  designs  rep- 
resenting Secession,  War,  Union,  and  Peace. 

The  west  door  of  the  Reception  Room  leads  into 
the  vestibule  of  the  Senate  Lobby.  A  private 
staircase  on  the  left  is  guarded  by  a  beautiful 
bronze  railing.  On  the  west  side  of  the  Lobby  is 
a  similar  staircase.  These,  though  lovely  and 
elaborate,  are  but  little  noticed  owing  to  the  dark- 
ness of  this  portion  of  the  building. 

Passing  into  the  Senate  Lobby,  which  is  open 

to  the  public  when  the 


Senate  is  not  in  session, 
the  first  door  on  the 
right  opens  into  the 
Vice-President's  room. 
Peale's  painting  of 
Washington  is  in  this 
room. 

The  second  door  on 
the  right  of  the  Lobby 
leads  to  a  small  vesti- 
bule, from  which  opens 

the       MARBLE      ROOM. 

The  ceilings  and  col- 
umns are  of  white  marble,  and  the  walls  of  Ten- 
nessee marble.  It  is  used  as  a  private  reception 
room  by  the  Senators.  This  is  considered  the 
most  beautifulroom  in  the  Capitol. 


MARBLE  ROOM,   SENATE. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


33 


Returning  to  the  Lobby,  the  two  doors  on  the 
left,  open  into  the 

SENATE   CHAMBER, 

Which  may  be  visited  at  any  time  when  the 
Senate  is  not  in  session. 


mmmm 


SENATE   CHAMBER. 


This  chamber  is  113  feet  3  inches  long,  by  80 
feet  3  inches  wide,  including  the  galleries,  which 
extend  all  around,  and  will  accommodate  about  one 
thousand  persons.  The  space  under  the  galleries, 
on  the  east,  west,  and  south  sides,  is  partitioned 
into  cloak  rooms  for  the  Senators,  and  on  the  north 
side  is  the  Senate  Lobby.  The  area  of  the  floor  is 
diminished  by  these  rooms,  to  83  feet  11  inches 
long,  by  51  feet  1  inch  wide. 


34  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

The  Vice-President  presides  over  this  body. 
His  desk  occupies  a  raised  platform  on  the  north 
side.  The  floor  will  seat  74  senators.  Many  of 
the  desks  in  use  were  used  in  the  old  Senate 
Chamber,  more  than  half  a  century  ago. 

The  portion  of  the  gallery  over  the  President  of 
the  Senate,  is  devoted  to  the  reporters  of  the  press. 
On  the  south  side,  opposite  the  Reporters'  Gallery, 
is  the  Diplomatic  Gallery,  for  the  accommodation 
of  foreign  representatives.  The  Ladies'  Gallery  is 
east  of  that  portion  assigned  to  the  diplomatic 
corps  and  reporters,  while  that  on  the  west  is  for 
gentlemen. 

THE   LADIES'    RETIRING   ROOM 

Is  on  the  north,  directly  back  of,  and  opening 
from  that  portion  of  the  Ladies'  Gallery  adjoiniug 
the  Reporters'  Gallery.  It  is  for  the  exclusive  use 
of  ladies,  and  is  complete  in  all  requirements,  and 
is  attended  by  a  woman  employed  by  the  Senate. 

The  Senate  Chamber  is  lighted  by  a  skylight  in 
the  roof.  At  night  the  gas  jets  along  the  glass 
panels  above  the  ceiling  are  ignited  by  electricity, 
and  the  light  is  quite  like  sunlight.  The  ceiling 
is  of  iron,  with  glass  panels  in  the  centre  to  let  the 
light  into  the  hall.  These  panels  are  painted  in 
symbols  of  the  Union,  the  Army,  the  Navy,  and 
the  mechanical  arts. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


35 


Agaio,  returning  to  the  lobby,  we  pass  into  a 
small  vestibule  on  the  west.     On  the  right  is  the 

president's  room, 

Where  the  President  sits  during  the  last  hurried 
days  of  the  session,  to  be  nearer  the  Senate,  in 
order  to  sign 
the  bills  as 
soon  as  passed 
by  the  Senate 
and  House  of 
Kepr  e  s  e  n  t  a- 
tives.  The 
walls'and  ceil- 
ings are  hand- 
somely deco- 
rated. Por- 
traits of  Jefferson,  Secretary  of  State ;  Henry 
Knox,  Secretary  of  War;  and  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton, Secretary  of  the  Treasury ;  Edmund 
Randolph,  Attorney-General ;  and  S.  Osgood, 
Postmaster-General,  Washington's  first  Cabinet, 
are  on  the  walls,  as  is  also  a  portrait  of  Washing- 
ton. The  four  corner  frescoes  overhead  represent 
Columbus,  or  Discovery  ;  William  Brewster,  Re- 
ligion ;  Americus  Vespucius,  Exploration ;  and 
Franklin,  or  History.     The  four  pieces  between 


president's  room  LN  THE  CAPITOL. 


36  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

these  represent  Liberty,  Legislation,  Religion,  and 
Executive  Power.     All  by  Brumidi. 

After  leaving  the  west  vestibule  a  corridor  to 
the  left  leads  to  the  west  staircase  ascending  to  the 
galleries.  This  staircase  is  in  beautiful  white 
marble,  and  is  usually  considered  much  finer  than 
the  east  staircase  of  Tennessee  marble. 

Opposite  the  foot  of  the  stairs  is  a  statue  of  John 
Hancock,  by  Stone.     Cost  $5500. 

At  the  first  landing  is  a  painting  by  Walker,  of 
New  York,  the  Storming  of  Chapultepec  under 
General  Scott.     Cost  S6000. 

BASEMENT  OF  SENATE  WING. 

The  steps  leading  down  below  the  east  and  west 
staircases  are  to  the  Basement.  All  the  passages 
are  handsomely  painted  and  richly  decorated. 

The  rooms  are  chiefly  devoted  to  Committee 
and  Folding  rooms.  These  Committee  rooms  are 
richly  adorned  and  frescoed,  and  will  reward  a 
walk  to  them  ;  over  the  entrance  to  the  Committee 
room  on  Foreign  Relations  is  a  fresco  of  the  Sign- 
ing of  the  Treaty  of  Ghent.  And  on  the  entrance 
to  the  Committee  room  on  Patents  is  a  full  length 
fresco  of  Robert  Fulton,  both  by  Brumidi.  Ad- 
mission may  be  obtained  by  application  to  a  Sen- 
ator or  Sergeant-at-Arms. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  37 

The  Heating  and  Ventilating  Apparatus  is  in  the 
basement,  in  the  southwest  portion  of  the  Senate 
wing,  and  is  always  open  to  visitors.  The  engineer 
will  explain  the  principle  upon  which  fresh  and 
hot  air  are  forced  into  the  Senate  chamber. 

The  rooms  in  the  basement  that  are  worth  see- 
ing the  most,  are  those  occupied  by  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs  (this  was  intended  for  the  Com- 
mittee on  Agriculture  and  is  decorated  with  Amer- 
ican fruits  and  vines)  ;  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs ;  and  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 
These  two  are  frescoed  emblematically.  Many  of 
the  other  rooms  are  very  beautiful. 

The  Official  Telegraph  is  in  the  Senate  basement, 
and  the  wires  connect  with  the  Executive  Depart- 
ments and  Government  Printing-office. 

The  Crypt  is  to  be  found  in  the  basement,  under 
the  Rotunda,  and  on  the  way  from  the  Senate  wing 
to  the  House  wing.  The  forty  columns  that  support 
the  floor  of  the  Rotunda  are  here,  and  the  exact 
centre  of  the  Capitol  is  the  star  in  the  centre  of 
the  pavement. 

The  Undercroft  is  beneath  the  Crypt.  It  was  the 
original  intention  to  lay  the  remains  of  Washing- 
ton here.  A  portion  of  the  bier  which  held  the 
remains  of  Lincoln,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  and  Chief 
Justice  Chase,  is  here.     An  officer  of  the  building 


38  STMANGER'S  GUIDE 

will  open  the  Undercroft  for  visitors.     Continuing 
south  from  the  Crypt  we  reach  the 

BASEMENT    OF    THE    HOUSE    WING. 

The  arrangement  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Senate 
basement ;  a  restaurant,  where  all  kinds  of  refresh- 
ments may  be  obtained,  is  found  here  as  well  as  in 
the  Senate  basement.  The  heating  and  ventilating 
apparatus  is  the  same  also. 

The  Boom  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture  is  one 
of  the  handsomest  frescoed  rooms  in  the  building. 
It  is  near  the  foot  of  the  west  staircase  on  the 
House  side. 

The  fresco  is  by  Brumidi.  On  the  east  wall  is 
a  representation  of  Cincinnatus  called  from  the 
plow  to  become  Dictator  of  Rome.  On  the  oppo- 
site wall  is  Putnam  called  from  the  plow  to  join  in 
the  battle  for  liberty.  A  medallion  of  Washing- 
ton and  a  Harvest  in  the  Olden  Time  are  on  the 
south  wall,  while  opposite  is  Jefferson  and  a  Har- 
vest with  Modern  ImjDrovements.  On  the  ceiling 
are  representations  of  Flora,  Ceres,  Bacchus,  and 
Boreas,  symbolical  of  the  four  seasons. 

The  Bath-Boom,  for  the  use  of  members  of 
Congress,  is  here  in  the  basement,  and  is  worth 
seeing.  The  visitor  may  now  ascend  the  east  or 
west  stair,  leading  to  the  floor  above. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  39 

The  House  wing  is,  in  general,  the  same  as  the 
Senate  wing,  only  the  Hall  of  Representatives  is 
larger  than  the  Senate  chamber.  The  east  stair- 
case, the  same  as  that  of  the  Senate,  leads  to  the 
east  galleries.  At  the  foot  is  a  statue  of  Jefferson, 
by  Powers,  which  cost  $10,000.  Over  the  first 
landing  is  an  equestrian  portrait  of  General  Scott, 
by  Troge. 

The  corridors  south  of  the  House  are  similar  to 
those  north  of  the  Senate,  and  the  House  lobby  is 
also  similar  to  the  Senate  lobby.  Opening  from  it 
are  the  Members'  Reception-Rooms  and  the  Speak- 
er's Room.  These  are  open  when  the  House  is  not 
in  session. 

At  the  foot  of  the  west  staircase  is  the  head  of 
an  Indian  warrior,  Buffalo,  from  nature.  Over 
the  first  landing  is  the  picture  of  Westward  Ho  I 
by  Emanuel  Leutze ;  cost  820,000.  It  is  a  party 
of  emigrants,  and  explains  itself.  The  galleries 
are  like  those  of  the  Senate. 

THE   HALL   OF    REPRESENTATIVES 

Is  similar  to  the  Senate  chamber,  but  differs 
somewhat  in  the  style  of  painting,  and  has  desks 
for  over  three  hundred  members. 

It  is  139  feet  long,  by  93  feet  wide  in  its  greatest 
extent.     The  floor  is  113  feet,  by  67  feet,     The 


40 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


galleries  will  accommodate  some  fifteen  hundred 
persons.  Upon  the  wall,  east  of  the  Speaker,  is  the 
full-length  portrait  of  Washington,  by  Vanderlyn, 
1834,  and  on  the  opposite  side  a  portrait  of  the 


HOUSE   OF   REPRESENTATIVES. 


Marquis  de  Lafayette,  by  Ary  Scheffer,  1822. 
Upon  the  south  wall  is  a  fresco,  by  Brumidi,  rep- 
resenting Washington  at  Yorktown.  The  Speaker's 
desk  is  of  white  marble,  and  very  beautiful.  The 
hall  is  lighted,  heated  and  ventilated  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  Senate. 

OLD  HALL  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

After  leaving  the  House  wing  follow  the  corri- 
dor leading  north  until  this  room  is  reached.     It 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


41 


was  formerly  used  as  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. It  is  said  to  have  been  modelled  after  the 
remains  of  a  Grecian  theatre,  at  Athens.  It  is 
semicircular.  The  roof  is  supported  by  columns 
of  variegated  marble,  or  pudding-stone,  from  quar- 
ries on  the  Potomac.  Over  the  north  entrance 
is  a  beautiful  clock,  in  marble,  representing  His- 
tory seated  in  the  winged  car  of  Time,  by  Fran- 
zoni.  The  car  is  on  a  globe,  upon  which  are  cut 
the  signs  of  the  zodiac. 

July  2d,  1864,  Congress  passed  an  act,  setting 
apart  this  beautiful  chamber  as 
a  Hall  of  Statuary,  and  invit- 
ing each  and  all  of  the  States 
to  furnish  statues,  in  marble 
or  bronze,  not  exceeding  two 
in  number  for  each  State,  of 
deceased  persons  who  have 
been  citizens  thereof,  and  illus- 
trious for  their  historic  renown,  I 
or  from  distinguished  civic  or 
military  services. 

Up  to  this  time  the  privilege  has  been  accepted 
to  a  limited  extent,  which  is  greatly  to  be  regretted. 

Rhode  Island  has  sent  a  marble  statue  of 
Nathaniel  Greene,  Major-General  in  the  revolu- 
tionary army,  by  H.  K.  Browne,  of  New  York. 


OLD  CLOCK,  HOUSE  OF 
REPRESENTATIVES. 


42  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

This  is  considered  by  many  the  finest  statue  in 
the  Capitol.  The  second  statue  from  Rhode  Isl- 
and is  of  Roger  Williams,  by  Simmons. 

Connecticut  was  the  second  to  respond,  and 
has  placed  here  statues  in  marble  of  Jonathan 
Trumbull,  and  Roger  Sherman,  both  by  Ives. 

New  York  came  next,  with  a  bronze  statue  of 
George  Clinton,  of  revolutionary  fame,  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  by  H.  K.  Browne. 
New  York  has  also  ordered  a  statue  of  Edward 
Livingston,  which  is  now  being  executed  by  Pal- 
mer. 

New  Jersey  has  ordered  the  following:  Rich- 
ard Stockton,  marble,  by  H.  K.  Browne.  Major- 
General  Philip  Kearney,  killed  in  the  rebellion, 
bronze,  by  H.  K.  Browne. 

The  much-talked-of  Abraham  Lincoln,  for 
which  Miss  Ream  received  $15,000;  a  bust  of  Lin- 
coln, by  Mrs.  Ames,  $2000;  a  bust  of  Kosciusko, 
in  marble,  by  Saunders,  $500 ;  bust  of  Crawford 
the  sculptor;  and  II  Penseroso,  by  Mosier,  $2000, 
are  also  here,  as  well  as  the  magnificent  statue 
of  Alexander  Hamilton,  by  Stone,  $10,000. 

A  collection  of  paintings  has  also  been  begun. 
There  are  portraits  of  Henry  Clay,  by  Neagle ;  of 
Charles  Carroll,  by  Chester  Harding;  of  Gunning 
Bedford,  of  Delaware;  one  of  Joshua  R.  Giddings, 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


43 


by  Miss  Hanson,  $1000;  and  a  mosaic  of  Lincoln, 
presented  by  Salviati  of  Venice  to  the  government 
of  the  United  States.  Here  is  to  be  seen  Moran's 
painting  of  the  Yellowstone,  purchased  in  1872  by 
Congress,  for  $10,000.  The  visitor  proceeding  north 
will  again  enter  the  Rotunda  and  pass  through  the 
north  door  to  the  stairway  leading  to  the  Dome. 


THE    DOME 

Is  ascended  by  a  stairway  inside  the  first  door 
to  the  left  of  the  north  entrance  of  the  Rotunda,  in 
the  passage  leading  to  the  Senate  wing,  and,  though 
the  way  is  intricate, 
it  repays  the  visitor 
who  ascends.  The 
Dome  is  surmounted 
by  a  tholus,  upon 
which  is  placed  a  co- 
lossal statue  of  Free- 
dom, in  bronze,  18  feet 
high,  said  to  weigh  15 


tons.  It  was  designed 
in  plaster,  in  Italy,  by 
Crawford,  and  cast  in 
bronze  from  this  mod- 
el by  Clark  Mills,  at 
Bladensburg ; the  cost 
was  about  $23,800.  STATUE  0F  LIBERTY' 


44  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

Descending  from  the  Dome,  and  returning  to 
the  Rotunda,  the  visitor  will  pass  out  of  the  east 
entrance,  and  reach  the  Bronze  Door,  opening 
upon  the  main  portico. 

BRONZE    DOOR. 

This  is  the  main  door  leadiug  into  the  Rotunda 
from  the  grand  eastern  portico.  It  is  the  most 
magnificent  work  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  Inclu- 
ding the  casing,  it  is  19  feet  high,  by  9  feet  in  width, 
and  weighs  20,000  pounds,  and  cost  $28,000.  It 
is  ornamented  with  a  symbolical  history  of  Colum- 
bus and  his  discoveries,  in  high  relief.  The  four 
figures  contained  in  the  facing  represent  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  The  name  of  Ran- 
dolph Rogers,  the  American  artist,  and  the  date  of 
the  design,  1858,  are  on  one  side,  and  that  of  F. 
von  Muller,  of  Munich,  who  executed  it  in  bronze 
in  1861,  is  on  the  other  side. 

The  door  is  divided  into  eight  panels  ;  the  lower 
one  on  the  left  represents  Columbus  unfolding  his 
plans  of  discovery  before  the  Council  of  Salamanca, 
which  rejected  them ;  the  next  panel  above  it  rep- 
resents Columbus's  departure  from  the  Convent  of 
La  Rabida,  near  Palos,  which  received  him  and 
his  little  son  Diego  when  in  great  poverty,  and  the 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  45 

Prior  of  which,  Juan  Perez,  introduced  him  to  the 
notice  of  Queen  Isabella ;  the  third  panel  repre- 
sents the  audience  he  received  at  the  Court  of 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella ;  the  fourth  represents 
Columbus  sailing  on  his  first  voyage  from  Palos  ; 
the  fifth  represents  the  first  encounter  with  the 
natives  of  the  West  Indies ;  the  sixth,  his  trium- 
phal return  and  entry  into  Barcelona ;  the  seventh 
panel  shows  us  Columbus  a  prisoner  in  chains,  by 
order  of  Don  Francisco  de  Bobadilla,  who  was 
sent  to  the  West  Indies  by  the  Court  to  investigate 
charges  against  Columbus ;  the  eighth  and  last 
panel,  at  the  bottom  of  the  door  on  the  right,  rep- 
resents Columbus  on  his  death-bed.  The  door  is 
also  ornamented  with  statues  of  contemporary 
sovereigns,  discoverers,  and  warriors,  whose  names 
are  associated  with  the  discovery  of  America. 

The  transom  panel  over  the  door  represents  the 
first  landing  in  state  on  the  island  of  San  Salva- 
dor. 

The  door  is  also  ornamented  by  the  heads  of 
distinguished  historians,  European  and  American, 
who  have  written  upon  the  discovery  and  explor- 
ation of  this  Continent,  with  various  other  em- 
blematic devices. 

Passing  through  this  door  the  visitor  will  emerge 
upon 


46 


STRAXGER'S  GUIDE 


THE   MAIN   PORTICO, 

Which  is  160  feet  in  length.  On  the  tympanum 
of  the  pediment,  is  a  group,  by  Persico,  represent- 
ing the  Genius  of  America.  The  principal  figure  is 
America  crowned  with  a  star,  and  holding  in  her 
hand  a  shield  with  United  States  of  America 
emblazoned  on  it,  while  behind  her  rests  a  sj)ear, 
and  at  her  feet  an  eagle.  Her  head  inclines  to- 
wards the  figure  of  Hope,  and  her  finger  points 
to  Justice.  The  figures  are  seven  and  a  half  feet 
in  height,  but  cannot  be  well  seen  from  their  raised 
position  without  the  aid  of  a  field  or  opera  glass. 

On  the  southern  abutment  of  this  Portico  is  a 
semi-colossal  group,  also  by  Persico,  representing 
the  Discovery  of  America. 
Columbus  is  holding  aloft  a 
globe,  while  an  Indian  girl 
crouches  terrified  at  his  side, 
gaziug  at  him  in  amazement. 
The  artist  is  said  to  have  copied 
to  a  rivet,  the  armor  in  which 
the  figure  is  incased,  from  a 
_:  suit  at  Genoa,  which  Columbus 
actually  wore. 

This  group  cost  824,000  and 
five  years'  labor. 


COLUMBUS. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


47 


The  corresponding  northern  abutment  is  occupied 
by  a  group,  by  Greenough,  representing  Civiliza- 
tion, or  the  first  settlement  of  America.  On  the 
left  a  mother  holds  in  terror,  her  child,  while  the 
father  arrests  the  murderous  arm  of  the  savage, 
as  it  is  raised  to  give  the  deadly  blow.  The  dog 
looks  on  the  conflict  with  eager 
interest.  This  group  is  greatly 
admired,  and  consumed  twelve 
years  in  executing,  and  cost 
$24,000. 

In  the  niche  on  the  north 
side  of  the  great  Bronze  door 
opening  into  the  Rotunda,  is 
the  statue  of  Peace,  by  Persico. 
Peace  is  a  maiden,  who  extends 
the  olive-branch  to  War  on  the  opposite  side.  Her 
garb  is  simple,  and  her  expression  one  of  womanly 
sweetness. 

War  in  the  opposite  niche,  bears  the  determined, 
powerful  look,  fitting  such  a  subject,  and  is  in  ap- 
propriate contrast  with  his  sweet  sister  Peace. 
These  pieces  are  finely  finished,  and  cost  $12,000 
each,  and  were  five  years  in  execution. 

Over  the  Bronze  door  is  a  basso  relievo,  repre- 
senting Fame  and  Peace  placing  a  laurel  wreath 
upon  the  brow  of  Washington. 


CIVILIZATION. 


48  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

Directly  east  of  this  portico,  in  the  east  park  of 
the  Capitol,  which  has  been  recently  enlarged,  is 
the  colossal   statue  of  Wash- 
ington, by  Greenough,  about 
which  there  is  such  a  diversity 
of  opinion.     It  cost  for  work, 
fy%^  freight,  etc.,  844,000.    Edward 
Everett  regarded  it  as  one  of 
the  greatest  works   of  sculp- 
a  ture  of  ancient  or  modern  times. 


■■. 

GREENOUGH's 
WASHINGTON. 


PROVIDENCE    HOSPITAL. 


This  Hospital  is  owned  and 
cared  for  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  It  is  open 
daily  from  10  to  12  a.m.,  and  from  2  to  4  p.m.  It 
can  be  found  by  leaving  the  east  gate  of  the  east 
park  of  the  Capitol,  and  goiug  east  aloug  Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue  to  Second  Street.  It  is  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Second  aud  D  Streets,  S.  E.,  two  squares 
south  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1864.  Through  the  influence  of  Thaddeus 
Stevens,  the  "  Great  Commoner,"  of  Pennsylvauia, 
Congress  appropriated  $30,000  towards  the  build- 
ing. Any  one  applying  is  taken  in ;  there  are 
excellent  accommodations  for  patients  who  pay. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  49 


ST.   PETER  S   ROMAN   CATHOLIC   CHURCH, 

An  ancient  edifice,  is  on  Second  Street,  on  the 
way  to  the  Hospital. 

NAVY   YARD. 

Returning  to  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  the  visitor 
may  enter  the  horse  cars  for  the  Navy  Yard,  which 
is  situated  at  the  terminus  of  the  line.  It  is  open 
from  7  A.  M.  until  sundown.  A  permit  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Commandant,  admitting  the 
bearer  to  the  shops  or  on  board  any  monitors  that 
may  be  anchored  there.  Two  ship-houses,  a 
copper-rolling  mill,  a  naval  storehouse,  foundries, 
and  shops  for  the  manufacture  of  almost  every- 
thing necessary  for  fitting  out  a  vessel,  are  to  be 
found  here. 

In  the  ordnance  foundries  and  shops,  the 
manufacture  of  guns,  shot  and  shell,  is  usually 
going  on.  In  the  Museum  is  a  curious  collection 
of  munitions  of  warfare;  among  them,  on  the  first 
floor,  is  a  Spanish  gun,  cast  in  1490,  brought  by 
Cortez,  to  America,  and  used  in  the  conquest  of 
Peru ;  also,  a  small  mortar,  captured  from  Corn- 
wallis,  and  many  historical  relics  of  the  late  war 
are  stored  here. 


50  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


THE  GOVERNMENT  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE 

Lies  east  of  the  city,  and  can  be  seen  from  the 
Navy  Yard,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river ;  it 
may  be  included  in  the  first  day's  sight-seeing  by 
an  industrious  visitor.  It  is  only  open  on  Wed- 
nesday, from  2  to  6  p.m.  Leaving  the  street  cars 
at  the  terminus  at  the  Navy  Yard,  and  crossing 
the  bridge,  it  is  a  walk  of  over  two  miles  to  the 
Asylum.     The  grounds  comprise  over  400  acres, 


INSANE   ASYLUM. 


which  are  cultivated  for  the  use  of  the  institution, 
many  of  the  patients  aiding  in  the  labor.  A  wall  of 
9  feet  incloses  nearly  200  acres,  in  which  the  edifice, 
750  feet  in  length,  is  surrounded  by  trees,  shrubs, 
flowers  and  grass-plots.  The  eminence  on  which 
it  is  located  is  one  of  the  highest  in  the  vicinity, 
and  affords  the  most  superb  view  of  the  city  to  be 
obtained. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  51 


THE   MARINE    BARRACKS 

Are  two  squares  north  of  the  Navy  Yard,  on 
Eighth  Street,  between  G  and  I  Streets.  In  the 
armory  are  some  interesting  flags.  The  best  time 
for  a  visit  here  is  on  Monday,  at  10  a.m.,  when 
the  band  plays  and  general  inspection  of  the  corps 
takes  place.  There  is  guard  mount  every  day  at 
8  a.m.  in  summer,  and  9  a.m.  in  winter. 

CHRIST    CHURCH, 

The  most  venerable  church  edifice  in  the  city, 
is  on  G  Street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  Streets, 
a  square  and  a  half  from  the  Marine  Barracks. 
It  was  erected  in  1800,  and  for  many  years  was 
the  only  place  of  Episcopal  worship  in  the  city. 
It  was  attended  by  Jefferson  and  Madison.  Ser- 
vices are  still  held  here  regularly. 

THE   NAVAL    HOSPITAL 

Is  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets,  and  E  Street 
and  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  two  squares  from  the 
Marine  Barracks.  It  is  open  each  afternoon.  It  is 
for  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Navy  and  Marine 
Corps. 


«sass 


52 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


THE   CONGRESSIONAL   CEMETERY 


Is  beautifully  situated  ou  the  banks  of  the  Ana- 
costia,  or  Eastern  Branch,  about  a  mile  above  the 
Navy  Yard.  It  is  easily  accessible  from  the  Naval 
Hospital  by  following  E  Street  east  to  the  gates, 
which  is  a  walk  of  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile. 
It  will  amply  repay  the  visitor  to  take  the  walk. 

It  is  not,  as  its  name  would  indicate  and  is  gen- 
erally supposed,  the  property  of  the  Government, 
„  _  = but  is  the  prop- 

I 


erty  of  Christ 
Church,  above 
referred  to. 

It  comprises 
about  30  acres, 
and  was  laid 
I  out  in  1807.  A 
number  of  sites 
are  reserved  for 

CONGRESSIONAL  CEMETERY.  the        interment 

of  members  of  Congress,  in  return  for  donations 
by  Government ;  aud,  though  few  are  buried  here, 
there  are  147  plain  cenotaphs  erected  in  memory 
of  those  members  of  Congress  who  have  died  du- 
ring the  term  for  which  they  were  elected. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  53 

There  are  some  monuments  of  interest  here ; 
among  these  is  one  erected  to  George  Clinton,  in 
the  northeast  portion  ;  near  by  is  one  to  mark  the 
spot  where  lies  Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts, 
erected  by  Congress  ;  one  to  a  Choctaw  Chief;  one 
to  William  Wirt  is  further  on.  Near  the  fountain, 
on  the  left  of  the  carriage  drive,  is  the  grave  of 
General  McComb,  the  predecessor  of  General 
Scott  as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army.  Near 
by  lie  the  remains  of  General  Jacob  Brown.  In 
the  same  portion  of  the  grounds  is  the  grave  of 
A.  P.  Upshur,  Secretary  of  State  under  Tyler. 
General  Gibson,  General  Archibald  Henderson, 
and  Commodore  Isaac  Chauncey,  are  also  buried 
here.  The  Wainwright  Vault  is  in  the  southern 
portion  of  the  grounds,  also  the  tomb  of  A.  D. 
Bache.  Not  far  off  is  the  monument  erected  to  the 
young  ladies  who  were  killed  by  the  explosion  in 
the  Arsenal.  The  bodies  of  General  Taylor  and 
Mr.  Calhoun  reposed  for  a  few  days  in  the  plain 
old  vault,  near  the  centre  of  the  grounds.  North 
of  the  lodge  are  the  oldest  graves — those  of  the 
Mather  family — 1804.  There  is  a  public  vault, 
erected  by  Congress,  near  the  centre  of  the  grounds. 

The  Army   and   Navy   Magazines   are    directly 
east  of  the  Congressional  Cemetery. 


54  STRANGERS  GUIDE 

The  Washington  Asylum  adjoins  the  grounds  of 
the  magazines  on  the  north.  It  is  a  workhouse 
as  well  as  an  asylum  for  the  indigent.  North 
is  the  new  jail  being  erected. 

Massachusetts  Avenue  leads  directly  from  the 
Asylum  to  Lincoln  Park,  in  a  northwesterly  direc- 
tion, at  a  distance  of  over  half  a  mile  from  the 
Asylum,  and  one  mile  from  the  Capitol,  at  the 
intersection  of  Massachusetts,  North  Carolina, 
Kentucky,  and  Tennessee  Avenues,  and  East  Cap- 
itol, Eleventh,  Twelfth,  and  Thirteenth  Streets. 
The  park  is  beautifully  laid  out  and  planted  with 
trees  and  shrubs.  It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  statue 
to  the  lamented  President,  for  whom  it  is  named, 
in  the  centre  of  the  park. 

The  East  Capitol  branch  of  the  street  railway 
runs  from  this  park  directly  to  the  Capitol,  and 
on  through  the  city  to  Georgetown ;  but,  if  the 
visitor  desires  to  seethe  beautiful  cemetery,  Mount 
Olivet  (Roman  Catholic),  and  the  Institution  for 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  a  walk  of  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  will  lead  out  Tennessee  Avenue  to  Fifteenth 
Street,  east,  and  thence  to  the  toll  gate  at  the  ter- 
minus of  H  Street,  and  of  the  Columbia  Street 
Railway,  and  thence  a  short  distance  on  the  turn- 
pike to  Mount  Olivet.  It  consists  of  70  acres,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1862.     Among  the  graves  of 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  55 

interest  are  those  of  Mrs.  Surratt,  executed  for 
being  a  party  to  the  assassination  of  Lincoln,  and 
of  Wirz,  keeper  of  the  Andersonville  prison  pens, 
executed  in  Washington,  in  1865. 

THE   INSTITUTE   FOR   THE    DEAF   AND    DUMB 

May  be  found  by  returning  to  the  toll  gate, 
and  following  the  boundary  one-half  mile  north- 
west to  "  Kendall  Green."  It  was  incorporated 
in  1857,  and  has  been  sustained  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  deaf  mutes  of  the  District,  and  of  the 
army  and  navy.  It  has  a  collegiate  department 
open  to  both  sexes. 

The  Columbia  Street  cars  run  along  H  Street 
one-half  mile  south  of  the  Institution,  and  will 
carry  the  visitor  to  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  corner  H  and  North  Capitol  Streets. 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 

Visitors  may  enter  this  office  at  any  time  be- 
tween 8  A.  m.  and  5  p.  m.,  by  stating  to  the 
watchmen  their  purpose.  The  building  is  300 
feet  long  on  H  Street,  175  feet  on  North  Capitol 
Street,  and  is  50  feet  deep  and  four  stories  high. 
The  printing  and  binding  authorized  by  Congress, 
and  the  Executive  and  Judicial  Departments,  are 


56  STRANGERS  GUIDE. 

done  in  this  building.  It  is  the  largest  establish- 
ment of  its  kind  in  the  world.  Among  the  works 
printed  here  are  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History 
of  the  War,  the  Observations  of  the  Naval  Obser- 
vatory, the  Reports  of  the  Paris  Exposition,  and 
the  Catalogues  of  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  Surgeon-General's  Office. 

Entering  a  car,  going  west,  at  the  Printing  Of- 
fice, the  visitor  will  be  returned  to  the  centre  of 
the  city,  and  thus  end  the  first  day. 


ALL  BETWEEN  PIKST  &  FIFTEENTH  STREETS, 
AND  THE  RIVER  AND  SOLDIERS'  HOME. 


HE  visitor  can  most  conveniently  commence 
the  second  day's  sight-seeing  at  the  Botani- 
cal Gardens,  which  he  may  easily  reach  by 


£  3  the  Pennsylvania  Avenue  street-cars. 


GOVERNMENT   BOTANICAL   GARDEN 


The 


Is  situated  immediately  west  of  the  Capitol 
Park,  between  First  and  Third  Streets,  west, 
and  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  Avenues.  The 
main  entrance  fronts  the  central  gate  of  the  west 
Capitol  Park,  and  is  open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m. 
The  grounds  comprise  10  acres,  and  are  adorned 
with  trees  and  shrubs,  and  flowers  of  every 
clime.      The   eastern   wing   of  the   Conservatory 


58 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


is  of  frame,  but  the  west  wing  and  the  centre 
building  are  built  entirely  of  glass  and  iron,  rest- 
ing on  walls  of  solid  masonry,  faced  with  beau- 
tiful white  marble.  In  the  central  building,  a 
circular  stairway  of  iron  leads  to  an  Observatory, 

which  affords  a 
fine  view  of  the 
Capitol  and  the 
plants  below. 
Permission  to 
ascend  can  be 
obtained  of 
the  Superin- 
tendent. The 
entire  building 


BOTANICAL  GARDEN. 


is  300  feet  long,  the  diameter  of  the  centre  is  about 
61  feet,  and  the  width  of  the  wings  31  feet. 

In  the  central  building,  where  the  temperature 
is  highest,  is  a  fine  collection  of  palms ;  among 
them,  the  date,  fan,  oil,  Panama  hat,  ratan,  and 
sugar  palms.  Here  also  are  the  screw  pine  of 
Australia,  with  its  funny  corkscrew  leaves,  and 
roots  in  the  air ;  the  cinnamon  tree,  the  banana, 
and  the  dumb  cane  of  South  America,  which  pos- 
sesses the  strange  power  of  taking  away  speech  if 
the  sap  of  the  root  is  tasted. 

In  the  east  wing  and  range  the  temperature  is 


TO  WASHIXGTON  CI  TV.  59 

lower.  It  contains,  among  other  interesting  plants, 
the  india-rubber,  the  passion  flower,  the  bread  tree, 
the  coffee  plant,  and  a  large  variety  of  cactus. 

The  temperature  in  the  west  wing  is  lower  than 
the  centre,  and  here  are  many  Chinese  and  Japa- 
nese plants.  The  camphor  tree,  from  Japan  ;  the 
tea  plant;  the  tallow  tree,  from  China;  the  papyrus, 
or  paper  plant,  of  Egypt ;  the  guava,  the  vanilla, 
St.  John's  bread  tree,  and  many  other  famous  and 
curious  plants  are  to  be  seen  here. 

South  of  the  main  conservatory  are  ten  smaller 
conservatories ;  one  is  devoted  to  camellia  japonica, 
and  one  to  orchids,  or  air  plants,  and  others  to 
propagation  of  plants  of  various  kinds. 

The  nucleus  of  the  collection  was  formed  from 
those  brought  home  by  Commodore  Wilkes.  The 
entire  establishment  is  under  the  skilled  care  of 
Mr.  Wm.  R.  Smith,  whose  faithful  and  intelligent 
efforts  are  making  the  gardens  so  beautiful  and 
successful. 

The  object  is  education  of  the  people.and  the  dis- 
semination of  plants  among  them.  Each  Member  of 
Congress  receives  a  share  of  plants  and  seeds. 

THE    ARSENAL. 

Leaving  the  gardens  by  the  west  gate,  the  visitor 
may  walk  from  Third  to  Four-and-a-half  Street, 


60  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

along  the  drive  which  extends  from  the  White 
House  to  the  west  entrance  to  the  Botanical  Gar- 
dens, and,  at  Four-and-a-half  Street,  take  the 
street-cars  going  south  to  the  Arsenal.  These 
buildings  and  grounds  are  located  upon  a  point 
which  is  the  most  southern  portion  of  the  city,  at 
the  foot  of  Four-and-a-half  Street,  and  is  sur- 
rounded on  three  sides  by  the  Potomac. 

The  grounds  are  open  to  visitors  from  sunrise 
to  sunset. 

The  old  Penitentiary  building,  made  famous  by 
the  assassination  trials,  formerly  stood  here ;  be- 
neath one  of  the  cells  of  which  the  body  of  the 
assassin  Booth  was  for  a  time  buried.  The  other 
conspirators  were  also  buried  here,  but  have  all 
been  removed  and  reinterred  elsewhere.  The  large 
building  at  the  end  of  the  main  drive  is  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance.  In  the  store- 
houses are  stored  vast  quantities  of  ammunition 
and  arms.  There  are  also  a  number  of  workshops. 
Twenty-one  girls  were  killed  here,  in  1864,  by  an 
explosion  in  one  of  the  laboratories. 

The  visitor  will  return  by  the  same  route  which 
conveyed  him  to  the  Arsenal  grounds,  and  leaving 
the  car  at  Seventh  Street,  will  see  the  Centre  Mar- 
ket House,  which  is  the  largest  market  in  the  city. 
It  is  directly  south  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  be- 
tween Seventh  and  Ninth  Streets. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


61 


THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

The  Seventh  Street  entrance  to  the  grounds  of 
this  Institution  is  just  south  of  the  point  at  which 
the  visitor  leaves  the  street  car.  The  grounds  are 
on  the  west  of  Seventh  Street,  opposite  Armory 
Square,  and  extend  to  Twelfth  Street,  and  from  B 
Street  north  to  B  Street  south ;  they  comprise  52 
acres. 

James  Smithson,  a  gentleman  of  education  and 
a  scientist,  an  illegitimate  son  of  Hugh,  first  Duke 
of  Northumberland,  England,  died  at  Genoa,  in 
1828,  and  bequeathed  his  property  to  his  nephew,  on 
the  condition 
that  in  the 
event  of  his 
nephew's  de- 
mise without 
heirs, it  should 
go  to  the 
United  States, 
"  to  found,  at 
Washington, 
under  the 
name  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  an  establish- 
ment for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge 
among   men."     His  nephew,  then  in  a  hopeless 


SMITHaOS  IAN    I NSTITUTE. 


62  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

stage  of  consumption,  died  without  heirs,  and  the 
property,  estimated  at  half  a  million  of  dollars, 
passed  to  the  United  States.  Congress  accepted 
the  bequest  on  the  first  of  July,  1836,  and  the  fund 
was  received  by  Richard  Rush,  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  was  authorized  to  collect  it,  and  deposited  in 
the  Treasury,  September  1, 1838,  where  it  gathered 
interest  until  1846,  when,  after  a  long  discussion, 
a  law  was  passed  establishing  the  Institution  as  it 
now  is ;  and  on  May  1,  1847,  the  corner-stone  was 
laid.  President  Polk  and  his  Cabinet  were  pres- 
ent, and  the  orator  was  George  M.  Dallas,  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  building  was  completed  in  1856,  and  cost 
$450,000.  In  1855  a  fire  destroyed  the  upper 
portion  of  the  main  building,  so  far  as  it  was  not 
fire-proof.  It  was  restored  in  a  fire-proof  condi- 
tion, but  many  things  could  not  be  replaced  that 
were  consumed ;  among  them  record  books,  scien- 
tific correspondence,  the  famous  Stanley  gallery  of 
Indian  paintings,  apparatus,  and  the  personal 
effects  of  Smithson.  The  object  of  the  Institution 
is  scientific  research  and  publication. 

It  is  built  of  red  sandstone,  and  was  planned  by 
Mr.  Renwick,  of  New  York.  The  style  has  been 
variously  called  Romanesque,  Norman,  and  By- 
zantine.    It  consists  of  a  centre  building  250  feet 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  63 

long,  and  55  feet  wide;  two  connecting  ranges  and 
cloister  60  by  49  feet  each ;  and  two  wings,  each 
40  by  80  feet.  The  entire  length  is  450  feet.  The 
north  entrance  passes  under  two  towers,  the  higher 
one  145  feet  high.  Over  the  south  entrance  is  a 
large  square  tower,  massive  but  not  high,  being  37 
feet  square,  and  91  feet  high.  The  main  building 
is  flanked  at  each  angle,  by  a  tower,  while  the 
wings  have  smaller  towers,  making  in  all  nine 
towers. 

The  most  pleasing  beauty  of  the  building  is, 
that  while  it  is  regular  and  symmetrical,  it  has  no 
two  parts  similar.  It  never  wearies,  and  affords 
all  the  variety  and  symmetry  desired  by  the  most 
critical. 

The  grounds  were  designed  and  partly  laid  out 
by  Downing,  the  celebrated  landscape  gardener, 
whose  death  precluded  the  consummation  of  his 
plans.  In  the  northeast  portion  of  the  grounds 
is  a  vase  erected  by  the  American  Pomological 
Society  to  the  memory  of  Downing. 

THE   NATIONAL   MUSEUM 

Occupies  the  whole  lower  story  of  the  main  hall, 
west  range,  and  west  wing.  It  is  open  to  visitors 
from  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m.     The  Institution  is  supported 


64 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


INTERIOR   OF   THE   SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTE. 


by  the  income  from  the  fund,  and  the  Secretary, 
Professor  Joseph  Henry,  resides  in  the  east  wing, 

having  every- 
thing under  his 
direct  charge. 
The  Museum 
is  supported 
by  the  United 
States ;  Pro- 
fessor Henry 
is  its  head, 
though  he  has 
assigned  the 
active  supervision  to  Professor  Spencer  F.  Baird, 
Assistant  Secretary,  and  United  States  Fish  Com- 
missioner, who  is  so  enthusiastic  in  his  investigation 
of  food  fishes,  as  to  eat  a  portion,  experimentally, 
of  every  species  of  fish  secured.  The  collections 
are  very  interesting,  and  will  need  no  special  guide, 
as  many  of  the  specimens  are  labelled.  In  the 
west  hall  is  a  fine  collection  of  minerals,  arranged 
by  Dr.  F.  M.  Endlich,  of  Pa.,  who  is  the  mineral- 
ogist of  the  Institution,  and  very  entertaining  in 
his  explanations  and  descriptions,  to  those  who  are 
fortunate  enough  to  find  him. 

In  the  vestibule  south  of  the  main  entrance,  and 
on  the  second  floor,  are  several  objects  of  interest. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


65 


Indeed  so  much  is  to  be  found  here  to  enchain  the 
interest,  that  a  whole  day  may  be  passed  in  thor- 
oughly seeing  the  rare  and  curious  collection. 

The  Library  has  been  incorporated  with  that 
of  Congress. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

Directly  west  of  the  Smithsonian  grounds  are  the 
beautifully  arranged  grounds  of  this  department, 
extending  from 
Twelfth  toThir- 
teenth  Streets. 
Open  daily,  ex- 
cept Sundays, 
from  9  a.m.  to  3 
p.m.  The  upper 
and  lower  gar- 
dens are  divided 
by  a  terrace,  the 
former  devoted 
exclusively  to  flowers,  and  the  latter  to  drives 
and  walks  shaded  by  trees  and  shrubs. 

The  building  was  completed  in  1868.  It  is  170 
feet  long,  and  61  feet  wide.  It  consists  of  a  finished 
basement,  three  full  stories,  and  a  finished  attic 
story.     In  the  basement  is  a  steam  heating  appar- 


AGRICULTl'RAL  DEPARTMENT. 


66 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


atus,  which  heats    and  ventilates   the    building. 
The  packing-rooms  are  located  here  also. 

The  main  entrance,  on  the  north,  leads  to  a  ves- 
tibule decorated  finely  with  fresco,  and  opening 
into  the  main  hall,  upon  which  are  located  the 
office  of  the  Commissioner,  the  library,  rooms 
for  clerks,  and  the  Chief  Clerk's  room,  which  is 
decorated  with  American  wood-hangings. 


THE    MUSEUM    OF    AGRICULTURE 

Is  on  the  second  floor.     It  shows  the  different 
agricultural  productions  of  the  United  States,  and 

how   thev    are 


affected  by 
climate,  soil, 
animals,  birds, 
and  insects. 
All  will  be  ex- 
plained by  an 
attendant. 

In  the  room 
west  of  the  Mu- 


IXTERIOR  OF  THE  AGRN  ULTURAL 
DEPARTMENT. 


seum  is  an  en- 
tomological collection.  The  Herbarium  and  Tax- 
idermist's Rooms  are  on  the  third  floor-  On  this 
floor  the  seeds  are  assorted  and  put  up  for  dis- 
tribution. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY 


67 


THE    CONSERVATORY 


Is  west  of  the  main  building.  The  principal 
structure  is  320  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide,  with  a 
wing  150  feet 
long,  extend- 
ing south.  In 
the  centre 
pavilion  are 
palms,  pine- 
apples, and 
other  tropi- 
cal plants. 
In  the  others 

is  a  collection     CONSERVATORY,  agricultural  departv.knt. 

worth  seeing.      The   south  wing  is  the  grapery, 
containing  100  varieties. 


PROPAGATING   GARDEN. 

This  government  garden  is  situated  on  the  banks 
of  the  Potomac,  southwest  of  the  Agricultural  De- 
partment, and  comprises  8  acres.  A  nursery  con- 
nected with  the  garden  supplies  many  of  the  trees 
and  shrubs  planted  in  the  public  parks. 

With  the  Propagating  Garden,  the  visitor  has 
seen  all  the  objects  worthy  of  note  in  the  south- 


68  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

western  portion  of  the  city;  and  he  will  now 
advance  north  along  Fourteenth  Street,  crossing 
Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania  Avenues  to  Wil- 
lard's  Hotel ;  continuing  north,  he  passes  the 
Ebbitt  House,  corner  Fourteenth  and  F  Streets, 
crosses  New  York  Avenue,  and  reaches 

FRANKLIN   SQUARE, 

Which  lies  between  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
and  I  and  K  Streets,  N.  TV.  The  Government 
purchased  this  square,  in  1829,  to  gain  ]3ossession 
of  the  spring  in  it,  which  furnishes  by  underground 
pipes  the  drinking-water  to  the  President's  House. 
It  is  a  cool,  shady  retreat  in  summer,  and  is  beau- 
tifully ornamented  with  trees  and  shrubbery. 

Franklin  School  House  is  opposite,  on  Thir- 
teenth Street,  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  of  the  sort  in  the  United  States.  Some 
of  the  fine  residences  front  upon  this  square. 

When  at  Franklin  Square,  the  visitor  may  if  so 
inclined  take  a  car  upon  Fourteenth  Street,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  square,  and  ride  to  within  a  short 
walk  of  Columbian  University,  beyond  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Fourteenth  Street  railway,  passing  by 
the  State  Department  on  the  south-east  corner  of 
Fourteenth  and  S  Streets.  •  This  building  belongs 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  69 

to  the  Washington  Orphan  Asylum,  and  is  rented 
by  the  government  until  the  new  State  Department 
is  completed.  There  are  some  interesting  docu- 
ments and  treaties  here,  but  they  are  no  longer 
shown  to  the  public,  since  some  of  the  most  valu- 
able seals  were  stolen  a  year  or  more  ago,  by  an 
employe"  of  the  department. 

COLUMBIAN   UNIVERSITY 

Was  opened  in  1822  as  a  college.  In  1873  it 
was  created  a  University.  There  are  Law  and 
Medical  Departments  connected  with  it.  About 
40  acres  of  ground  are  attached  to  the  property, 
and  the  total  value  is  $400,000. 

Returning  by  the  Fourteenth  Street  cars,  the 
visitor  will  alight  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and 
H  Streets,  and  entering  the  Metropolitan  or  F  Street 
cars,  ride  to  Ten  th  Street,  and  proceed  to  the  Med- 
ical Museum  on  Tenth  below  E  and  F  Streets. 

THE   ARMY   MEDICAL   MUSEUM. 

The  history  of  this  building  is  more  romantic 
and  thrilling  than  one  would  imagine  from  its 
plain  and  unpretending  appearance.  It  is  located 
on  Tenth  Street,  west,  between  E  and  F  Streets, 
north,  and  is  open  daily  from  9  a.m.  to  3  p.m.     It  is 

6 


70  STF  ANGERS  GUIDE 

three  stories  high,  109  feet  deep,  and  71  feet  front. 
It  was  originally  a  church,  and  was  afterwards 
converted  into  a  theatre,  and  used  as  such  until 
April  14th,  1865,  when  it  was  the  scene  of  the 
tragedy  of  the  assassination  of  Lincoln.  It  was 
then  at  once  closed  by  order  of  the  government. 
In  April,  1866,  it  was  purchased  by  Congress  for 
$100,000,  and  remodeled,  and  made  fire  proof, 
and  assigned  to  its  present  use. 

The  first  floor  is  used  by  a  division  of  the  Sur- 
geon-General's Office.  The  surgical  records  are 
on  the  second  floor,  and  in  the  offices  of  the  Sur- 
geon-General on  this  floor,  in  the  south  wing,  are 
portraits  of  some  celebrated  physicians,  among 
them  an  original,  by  Peale,  of  Dr.  Physick. 

The  Museum  is  on  the  third  floor.  It  contains 
the  finest  collection  of  Surgical  and  Medical  patho- 
logical specimens  in  the  world,  and  is  carried  on  in 
the  interest  of  medical  science,  and  is  resorted  to 
by  surgeons  and  physicians  from  abroad  as  well  as 
from  this  country.  A  portion  of  the  vertebras  of  the 
neck  of  the  assassin  Booth  is  in  the  Surgical  Sec- 
tion. No  medical  man  should  neglect  to  visit  this 
museum.  The  library  of  the  Medical  Museum  con- 
tains nearly  forty  thousand  volumes.  The  house 
opposite,  No.  516,  is  the  house  in  which  President 
Lincoln  breathed  his  last.     The  Medical  Depart- 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


71 


rnent  of  Georgetown  College  adjoins  the  Museum, 
and  through  its  corps  of  experienced  Professors 
and  admirable  facilities  offers  rare  opportunities 
to  the  student  of  medicine. 

By  returning  to  F  Street,  and  proceeding  east 
one  block,  the  visitor  will  reach  the 


MASONIC    TEMPLE. 

It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  and 
F  Streets,  N.  W.  It  was  erected  by  the  Masonic 
Hall  Association.  The  cor- 
ner-stone was  laid  in  1868. 
It  is  built  of  granite  and  free 
stone,  and  cost  $200,000. 
The  first  floor  is  occupied  by 
stores,  and  the  second  by  a 
public  hall,  100  feet  long 
and  48  feet  wide,  with  retir- 
ing rooms.  Some  of  the  most 
brilliant  balls  and  state  socia- 
bles given  in  the  city  have 
been  held  in  this  hall.  On  the  third  floor  are  the 
blue  lodges  of  Masonry,  and  on  the  fourth  floor 
are  the  Koyal  Arch  Chapters.  Directly  opposite 
the  Masonic  Temple  is  the 


MASONIC  TEMPLE. 


72 


STRANGERS  GUIDE 


PATENT    OFFICE. 

The  Patent  Office  is  situated  between  Seventh 
and  Ninth,  and  F  and  G  Streets.  The  length  of 
the  building  is  410  feet,  and  the  width  is  275  feet. 
The  style  of  architecture  is  Doric,  and,  although 
the  finish  is  plain  and  simple,  it  is  greatly  admired 


PATENT  i  iFFICE 


for  its  majestic  grandeur.  The  same  plain  finish 
and  grandeur  will  be  observed  in  the  interior.  It 
is  built  of  sandstone  painted  white,  and  the  exten- 
sion is  of  white  marble. 

It  was  designed  simply  for  the  Patent  Office,  but 
the  Interior  Department  occupies  a  portion  of  the 
building.     The  lower  stories  are  divided  into  de- 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


73 


partmeuts  suitable  for  the  various  offices  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  such  as  the  Indian  and 
Public  Land  Offices.  On  the  second  floor  are  the 
Model  Rooms,  containing  a  model  of  every  patent 
issued  by  the  United  States  since  1836.  As  each 
case  is  provided  with  a  card  designating  the  con- 
tents, it  is  unnecessary  to  enumerate  here.  Near 
the  entrance  are  some  historical  relics  of  interest ; 
such  as  Franklin's  Printing  Press,  Washington's 
Tea-set,     and 


other  personal 
property  used 
by  Washing- 
ton. In  case 
23  is  the  orig- 
inal of  the 
Declaration  of 
Independence, 
also  a  model 
patented      by 


INTERIOR   OF   PATENT   OFFICE. 


Abraham  Lincoln  in  1847,  and  a  pair  of  gloves 
which  belonged  to  President  Lincoln. 

The  east  and  west  halls  are  each  271  feet  long 
and  64  feet  wide.  The  north  and  south  halls  are 
a  little  smaller,  being  about  145  feet  in  length. 

In  1836  the  building  which  was  used  as  a  pat- 
ent office  was  destroyed  by  fire,  with  all  the  models 


74 


STRANGERS  GUIDE 


it  had  received  for  Dearly  fifty  years.  The  first 
patent  issued  was  to  Samuel  Hopkins,  in  1790,  for 
making  "pot  ashes." 

This  bureau  is  self-supporting,  the  expenditures 
not  equalling  the  receipts  from  fees.  The  cost  of 
the  building  was  about  $2,700,000.  It  contains 
191  rooms.  It  was  designed  by  W.  P.  Elliotte, 
and  executed  by  Robert  Mills  and  Edward  Clark. 


THE  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  first  building  erected  for  the  accommodation 
of  this  department,  and  in  which  the  business  of 


POST  OFFICE. 


the  Patent  Office  was  then  transacted,  was  burned 
in  1836.  The  foundation  of  the  present  edifice 
was  laid  in  1839.     The  E  Street  portion  was  de- 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  75 

signed  and  finished  by  Robert  Mills,  and  is  built 
of  marble  from  New  York.  The  extension  was 
designed  by  T.  W.  Walter,  and  built  of  Maryland 
marble.     It  was  commenced  in  June,  1855. 

The  style  is  a  modified  Corinthian.  It  covers 
the  entire  square  bounded  by  Seventh  and  Eighth 
Street,  west,  and  E  and  F  Streets,  north,  and  is  im- 
mediately opposite  the  Patent  Office.  The  entire 
building  measures  300  by  204  feet.  The  interior 
is  divided  into  apartments  suitable  for  the  business 
of  the  department. 

To  obtain  admission  to  the  Dead  Letter  Office, 
it  is  necessary  to  procure  a  permit  from  the  Post- 
master-General or  the  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Fi- 
nance office.  Visitors  should  inquire  for  the  book 
of  post-office  accounts  kept  by  Dr.  Franklin,  the 
first  Postmaster-General  of  the  Colonies. 

The  City  Post-Office  occupies  the  lower  story  of 
the  north  front. 

JUDICIARY   SQUARE   AND   CITY   HALL. 

Leaving  the  Post-Office  by  the  north  front  on 
F  Street,  the  visitor  can  ride  or  walk  down  F  Street 
to  Judiciary  Square.  This  square  comprises  about 
20  acres,  and  extends  from  the  intersection  of 
Indiana  and  Louisiana  Avenues,  on  the  south,  to 


76 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


G  Street,  on  the  north,  and  from  Fourth  to  Fifth 
Streets. 

The  south  front  portion  is  occupied  by  the  City 
Hall.     On  the  east  side  was  erected  the  immense 

building  used 
for  the  inau- 
guration ball, 
I  given  in  honor 
of  President 
Grant's  second 
inauguration. 

In  the  City 
Hall  the  sev- 
eral courts  of 
the  District 
hold  their  sessions.  The  present  structure  is  over 
200  feet  in  length,  and  is  but  one  wing  of  the  build- 
ing, as  designed  by  George  Hadfield.  It  was 
begun  in  1820  and  completed  in  1849. 

A  statue  in  marble  of  Lincoln  stands  directly  in 
front  of  the  portico.  It  was  erected  by  voluntary 
contributions  of  some  patriotic  citizens,  and  was 
executed  by  Lot  Flaunery,  a  self-taught  sculptor, 
The  statue  is  about  9  feet  in  height,  and  is  erected 
upon  a  marble  column  27  feet  high. 

Returning  to  Seventh  Street,  the  visitor  may 
enter  a  Seventh  Street  car  going  north,  and  ride  to 


CITY   HALL 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


77 


the  terminus  of  the  road ;  and  thence,  by  the  Silver 
Springs  horse-cars,  to  within  a  mile  of  the 

ROCK  CREEK  CHURCH  AND  CEMETERY. 

The  cemetery  lies  near  the  Soldiers'  Home,  on 
the  north ;  the  church  lies  on  the  west,  and  is  St. 
Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  Rock  Creek  Parish.  It 
was  erected  in  1719,  with  bricks  imported  from 
England,  and,  although  the  church  was  rebuilt  in 
1775,  and  remodeled  in  1868,  the  main  walls  are 
those  erected  in  1719.  The  Bible  used  is  an  Oxford 
edition  of  1727.  The  oldest  graves  are  east  of  the 
church.  A  fine  monument  is  over  the  grave  of 
Peter  Force. 

THE   NATIONAL   MILITARY   CEMETERY 

Is  east  of  Rock  Creek  Cemetery,  and  north 
of  the  Soldiers' 
Home,  which 
it  adjoins.  It 
contains  5,424 
graves. 

soldiers' 
home. 


This  attract- 
ive place  ad- 
ioins  the  Mili-    yATI°-VAL  cemeteby  at  soldiers'  home. 

tary  Cemetery,  and  is   open   every  day,  except 


78 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


soldiers'  home. 


Sunday.  It  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  drives 
around  the  city,  and  is  much 
resorted  to  in  pleasant  weather. 
The  property  comprises  about 
500  acres,  and  is  beautifully 
laid  out  in  drives,  of  which 
there  are  7  miles,  and  in 
lawns,  meadows,  gardens  and 
lakes. 

The  buildings  consist  of  the 
main  building,  used  as  a  dor- 
mitory, the  hospital,  residences 
of  the  governor,  surgeon,  and  officers  of  the  Home, 
a  gardener's  cottage,  and  a  beautiful  chapel  built 
of  Seneca  stone.  There  is  a  new  hospital  some 
distance  off,  and  near  it  are  the  buildings  used  by 
the  farmer. 

The  Home  was  originally  only  a  Military  Asy- 
lum, and  was  founded  through  the  efforts  of  Gen- 
eral Scott,  who  procured  the  assignment  to  this 
purpose  of  a  portion  of  the  money  levied  by  him 
upon  the  City  of  Mexico,  when  he  took  possession 
of  it.  The  fund  is  increased  by  the  forfeitures  and 
fines  against  soldiers,  and  by  a  tax  of  12  cents  per 
month  on  each  private  soldier  in  the  regular  army. 
The  Home  was  the  favorite  summer  residence 
of  President  Lincoln. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


79 


HOWARD   UNIVERSITY 


Is  open  daily  to  visitors.  It  is  on  the  left  of  the 
Seventh  Street  road,  on  the  return  to  the  city  from 
the  Soldiers' 
Home.  It  is 
open  to  all, 
without  re- 
gard to  sex  or 
color,  but  is 
attended  by 
colored  pupils 
only.  The  Un- 
iversity Build- 
ing is  four 
stories  high,  and  is  quite  complete.  Miner  Hall, 
on  the  northeast,  is  named  after  Miss  Miner,  a  lady 
who  taught  colored  children  in  the  days  when 
slavery  still  existed.  The  property  is  valued  at 
about  $600,000. 

The  visitor  can  return  to  the  city  by  the  Seventh 
Street  horse-cars,  and  thus  end  the  second  day. 


HOWARD   UNIVERSITY. 


itril  pai|. 


ALL  WEST  OF  FIFTEENTH  STEEET,  INCLTJD- 
ING-  GEOEGETOWN  AND  AELINGTON. 


HE  visitor  can  most  conveniently  com- 
mence the  third  day  at  the  Treasury 
Department,  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Fifteenth  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Ave- 
nue, which  may  be  reached  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue  cars. 

TREASURY   DEPARTMENT. 

This  department  may  be  reached  by  the  street 
cars,  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  or  by  the  Four- 
teenth Street  or  the  Columbia  Street  cars.  It  is 
open  to  visitors  from  9  a.  M.  to  2  p.  M.  It  is  on 
Fifteenth  Street,  east  of  the  President's  House. 

The  portion  fronting  on  Fifteenth  Street  is  the 


WASHINGTON  CITY. 


81 


old  building,  which  was  commenced  in  1836,  upon 
the  site  of  the  old  Treasury  building,  which  was 
burned  in  1833.  The  foundation  of  the  exten- 
sion was  laid  in  September,  1855,  and  is  a  great 


TREASURY. 


improvement  upon  the  old  structure.  It  was  de- 
signed by  Walter,  begun  by  Young,  and  then 
was  continued  by  Rogers,  and  finally  completed 
by  A.  B.  Mullett,  Supervising  Architect  of  the 
Treasury  Department.  The  east  front  consists 
of  a  colonnade  336  feet  long,  with  thirty  Ionic 
columns.  The  extension  flanks  the  old  building 
at  each  end  with  massive  granite  masonry,  and 
makes  beautiful  terminations  of  the  north  and 
south  fronts,  which  break  the  monotony  of  the 
long  colonnaded  portico  of  the  old  building.     The 


82  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

walls  of  the  extension  are  composed  of  pilas- 
ters, resting  on  a  base,  which  rises  twelve  feet 
above  the  ground  on  the  southern  side.  In  the 
centre  of  the  southern,  western,  and  northern 
fronts  are"  magnificent  porticos,  and  on  either  side 
of  the  platforms  and  steps  of  these  porticos  are 
courts  or  parterres,  which,  in  summer,  are  lovely 
masses  of  flowers  and  shrubs.  The  whole  build- 
ing is  of  the  Grecian  Ionic  order,  three  stories 
high,  with  two  basements  and  an  attic,  and  the 
building  is  surmounted  by  a  massive  granite  bal- 
ustrade. The  granite  is  all  brought  from  Dix 
Island,  on  the  coast  of  Maine.  The  columns  are 
monolithic,  31  feet  high,  and  4  feet  in  diameter. 
The  entire  building  is  466  feet  long — exclusive  of 
the  porticos — and  266  feet  wide.  In  the  courts 
are  fountains,  and  directly  opposite  the  western 
portico,  at  the  entrance  to  the  President's  Park, 
is  a  fountain,  the  basin  of  which  is  built  of  mas- 
sive granite.  Before  the  north  entrance  is  a  tes- 
sellated platform,  the  centre  of  which  is  occupied 
by  a  fountain,  consisting  of  a  boldly  designed 
tazza  of  granite,  from  which  the  water  falls  into  a 
broad  basin,  escaping  finally  through  four  lions' 
heads,  into  as  many  smaller  basins  surrounding 
the  larger  one.  The  objects  of  special  interest  are 
the  Cash  Boom  and  the  Vaults. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


83 


THE    CASH    ROOM 


Is  directly  opposite  the  north  entrance,  but  the 
best  view  is  to  be  obtained  from  the  interior  bal- 
cony, which 
may  be  reach-  SjL 
ed  by  ascend-  f]  4>" 

ing  either 
stairway  in  fP 
the  east  and 
west  angles  of 
the  north  side,  i 
The  walls  of 
this  room  are 
of  the  most 
beautiful  marble.  It  is  two  stories  high,  divided 
on  the  level  of  the  second  story  floor  by  the  balcony 
upon  which  the  visitor  stands.  The  floor  is  tessel- 
lated in  white  and  red  marble.  The  marbles  are 
as  follows :  In  the  lower  story,  stylobate ;  base, 
black  marble,  from  Vermont;  mouldings,  Bar- 
diglio,  from  Italy ;  stiles,  Dove,  from  Vermont ; 
panels,  Sienna,  from  Italy ;  dies,  Tennessee.  Above, 
stylobate,  pilasters,  white  veined ;  stiles,  Sienna, 
from  Italy ;  panels,  Bardiglio ;  cornice,  white- 
veined  Italian.     Upper  story,  same  as  lower,  except 


CASH  ROOM,  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


84  STRANGER  S  GUIDE 

the  panels  above  stylobate,  which  are  Sarrangolum, 
from  the  Pyrenees. 

The  vaults  in  which  the  gold  is  kept  may  be  seen 
upon  a  written  permit  from  the  Treasurer,  whose 
office  is  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  first  floor. 

The  Secret  Service  Bureau  may  be  visited  by 
any  one  who  is  introduced  by  a  known  party.  It 
contains  the  plates  and  dies  used  by  counterfeiters, 
and  has  also  a  rogues'  gallery. 

A  complete  Ku  Klux  suit  is  also  in  this  office, 
which  was  taken  off  a  man  who  was  captured  by 
detectives. 

In  the  basement  may  be  seen  the  money  as  it  is 
cut  in  half  in  the  Redemption  Bureau,  previous  to 
being  burned.  A  messenger  will  be  sent  with 
visitors,  by  the  Treasurer,  who  will  conduct  them 
to  all  places  of  interest  which  the  public  are  per- 
mitted to  visit. 

The  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  is  in  the 
attic ;  no  persons  are  admitted  without  a  permit 
from  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  this  is 
granted  in  special  cases,  to  a  limited  number, 
upon  Tuesday  and  Thursday  only. 

THE   DEPARTMENT    OF   JUSTICE 

Is  immediately  opposite  the  Treasury,  on  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue,  between  Fifteenth  and  Fifteenth- 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY 


85 


and-a-half  Streets,   on   the   second   floor   of    the 
Freedmen's  Savings  Company. 

The  Attorney- General's  Office  is  near  the  top  of 
the  stairs.  There  are  a  number  of  portraits  of  dif- 
ferent Attorneys-General  in  this  room. 

THE   PRESIDENT'S   HOUSE. 

The  Executive  Mansion,  or  White  House,  is  on 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  west  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment, the  grounds  of  the  two  buildings  being  di- 
vided by  Executive  Avenue.  The  grounds  comprise 


about  eighty  acres,  and  are  nearly  midway  between 
the  Capitol  and  Georgetown,  being  one  mile  and  a 
half  from  the  former.     Two  large  gateways  con- 

7 


86 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


stitute  the  entrances  on  the  north,  connected  by  a 
drive  and  a  foot-walk,  which  sweep  in  a  semicir- 
cle past  the  White  House.  The  grounds  are  laid 
out  in  walks,  mounds,  trees,  fountains,  and  drives. 
East  of  the  house  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Jefferson. 
South  of  the  house  the  grounds  are  divided  by 


WHITE  HOUSE — SOUTH  VIEW. 


an  inclosure  of  the  private  grounds.  Directly  in 
front  of  the  south  portico  is  a  stand,  from  which 
the  Marine  Band  discourses  music  for  open  air 
concerts,  every  Saturday  afternoon,  which  are  free 
to  the  public. 

The  house  has  a  rustic  base,  which  on  the  south 
side  is  entirely  above  ground,  and  gives  a  facade 
of  three  stories.     The  main  building  is  170  feet 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY 


87 


long,  by  86  feet  deep.  It  is  of  sandstone,  painted 
white.  On  the  west  are  the  conservatories.  The 
maind  oor  on  the  north  opens  into  a  spacious  ves- 
tibule 40  by  50  feet.  A  door  on  the  left  opens 
into  a  passage  at  the  foot  of  the  stairway  leading 
to  the  anteroom.  Across  the  passage  is  the  East 
Room,  which  is  used  for  public  receptions.  It  is 
80  feet  by  40  feet,  and  22  feet  high.  It  is  richly, 
though  not  extravagantly  furnished  and  finished. 
It  is  open  to  the 
public  from  10 
A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 
The  rest  of  the 
rooms  are  pri- 
vate. On  the 
west  is  a  door 
opening  into 
the  Green 

Room,  which 
opens  on  the 
west  into  the  Blue  Room,  40  by  30  feet.  It  is 
finished  in  blue  and  gold,  and  is  used  as  a  recep- 
tion room  by  the  President  and  his  wife.  From 
this  room  opens  the  Red  Room,  which  is  the  family 
parlor,  and  which  opens  into  the  State  Dining 
Room,  40  by  30  feet. 

The  Executive  Office  is  on  the  second  floor,  also 
the  library  and  seven  sleeping  apartments. 


WHITE   HOUSE— EAST   ROOM. 


88 


STB  A  NGER '  S  G  VIDE 


THE    WASHINGTON    MONUMENT. 

South  of  the  President's  House  are  the  Wash- 
ington Monument  grounds.     They  are  connected 

by  an  avenue  with  Executive 
Avenue,  and  form  a  contin- 
uation of  the  drive  which 
winds  around  the  Monument 
and  enters  the  grounds  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture, 
at  Fourteenth  Street. 

The  design  of  the  Wash- 
ington Monument,  as  pre- 
pared by  Robert  Mills,  con- 
templates a  shaft  600  feet  in 
height.  The  marble  obelisk,  resting  on  a  founda- 
tion of  gneiss  17 \  feet  high,  is  55  feet  square  at 
the  base.  This  foundation  is  81  feet  square,  and 
extends  8  feet  below  the  surface.  The  wall  of  the 
obelisk  is  15  feet  thick  at  the  base,  and  gradually 
tapers  on  the  outside.  The  inside  of  the  wall  is 
perpendicular,  and  the  inclosed  space  is  25  feet 
square.  The  wall  of  15  feet  will  ascend  until  the 
gentle  taper  reduces  it  to  10  feet  in  thickness. 
The  interior  walls  will  be  ornamented  by  the  in- 
sertion of  the  numerous  specimen  pieces  sent  from 
all  parts  of  the  world.     Among  these  tributes  to 


"WASHINGTON   MONUMENT. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


89 


the  memory  of  Washington,  are  some  from  Mount 
Vesuvius,  China,  Bremen,  Swiss  Kepublic,  the 
Temple  of  Carthage,  Greece,  Japan,  and  twelve 
bricks  from  the  birthplace  of  Washington. 

The  Monument  is  now  170  feet  high,  and  has 
cost  $230,000.  The  estimate  of  the  total  cost  is 
$1,120,000.  Kepeated  efforts  have  been  made  to 
raise  sufficient  funds  to  complete  the  work,  but  so 
far  have  proved  unavailing. 

A  keeper  who  resides  on  the  ground  will  exhibit 
the  contributions  of  tablets  to  visitors. 

LAFAYETTE   SQUARE. 

Opposite  and  north  of  the  President's  House  is 
the  public  square  of  the  above 
name.  It  contains  about  7 
acres,  beautifully  laid  out  in 
graveled  walks,  and  adorned 
with  trees,  shrubbery,  and 
flowers.  The  equestrian  statue 
of  General  Andrew  Jackson 
is  in  this  square.  It  is  the 
work  of  Clark  Mills,  and  is 
cast  from  the  brass  guns  and 
mortars  captured  by  Jackson. 
The  statue  is  one-third  larger  than  life,  weighs  15 
tons,  and  cost  about  $50,000.     The  horse  is  poised 


STATUE  OF  JACKSON. 


90 


STRANGERS  GUIDE 


upon  his  hind  feet,  and  is  not  secured  in  position 
by  bars  or  rivets,  but  the  tail  and  hind  parts  of  the 
horse  being  cast  solid,  the  statue  keeps  its  place  by 
the  laws  of  gravity.  It  is  probably  the  only  in- 
stance of  the  kind  in  the  world.  The  artist  has 
simply  copied  nature,  after  finding  the  position  a 
horse  naturally  takes  in  rearing. 

This  monument  to  the  hero  of  New  Orleans  was 
erected  on  the  8th  of  January,  1853,  the  anni- 
versary of  the  battle  in  which  General  Jackson 
routed  the  British  forces.  Stephen  A.  Douglas 
delivered  the  oration. 


CORCORAN   ART   GALLERY. 

This  building  is  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  one 
square  west  of  Lafayette  Square.     It  is  a  donation 

from  Mr.  W.  W.  Cor- 
coran, of  this  city.  It 
is  104  by  124*  feet, 
and  is  constructed  of 
brick  with  trimmings 
of  Belleville  free- 
stone. The  roof  is 
slated  Mansard,  and 

CORCORAX  ART  GALLERY. 

the  general  style  of 
the  entire  building  is  elegant,  yet  chaste.  The  cost 
was  8600,000  for  the  building  alone. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  91 

The  entrance  is  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  and 
leads  to  a  vestibule,  from  which  ascend  the  broad 
stairs  of  freestone  to  the  floor  above.  On  the  first 
floor  are  the  janitor's  rooms ;  two  rooms  which  are 
intended  to  be  used  as  a  school  of  design ;  the 
trustees'  room  ;  the  library ;  and  the  sculpture  hall. 

The  picture  galleries  are  on  the  second  floor,  and 
are  all  lighted  by  skylights,  which  are  so  arranged 
that  the  light  can  be  regulated  as  desired.  There 
are  three  small  galleries  fronting  on  Pennsylvania 
Avenue  ;  the  centre  one  is  an  octagon.  In  the  rear 
of  these,  along  each  side  of  the  building,  are  two 
galleries,  19  by  44  feet.  The  grand  picture  gallery 
is  at  the  back  of  the  building,  and  is  45  feet  wide 
by  96  feet  long.  The  galleries  are  all  connected 
with  each  other  by  lofty  doors.  The  ceilings  and 
cornices  are  richly  ornamented  with  representa- 
tions of  American  foliage.  The  building  was 
begun  in  1859,  but  from  1861  to  1869  it  was  occu- 
pied by  the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  United 
States.  In  1869  Mr.  Corcoran  formally  conveyed 
it  to  a  board  of  trustees. 

In  the  octagon  room,  which  was  specially  fitted 
up  for  this  work  of  art,  is  Powers' 8  Greek  Slave;  also, 
some  busts  of  celebrated  men,  and  the  Veiled  Nun, 
which  is  rather  curious  as  a  work  of  art.  A  num- 
bered catalogue  may  be  procured  of  the  janitor  at 


92 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


the  door,  which  will  designate  each  picture.  Mr. 
Corcoran  donated  his  own  private  collection,  which 
cost  upward  of  8100,000. 

Mr.  Corcoran  is  a  wealthy  retired  banker,  who 
was  born  in  Georgetown  in  1798.  He  is  still  living 
and  in  excellent  health. 


WAR   DEPARTMENT. 


Opposite  the  Corcoran  Art  Gallery  is  the  War 
Department.     It  is  open  from  9  a.m.  to  2  p.m.    It 

will  soon  be  re- 
^  moved,  to  give 


iSSE  place  for  the  de- 
partment now 
being  erected. 
In  the  Secreta- 
ry's office,  at 
I  the  east  end  of 
;*  the  corridor,  on 
the  second  floor, 
is  a  gallery  of 
portraits  of  the  Secretaries  of  War.  On  the  first 
floor  of  a  small  building  opposite  the  War  Depart- 
ment, No.  616,  is  the  Flag  Koom.  Here  are  the 
Union  flags  which  had  been  taken  from  the  Union 
forces  and  recovered  at  Richmond  ;  also,  the  cap- 
tured Confederate  flags.  Many  of  these  flags  have 
curious  histories  attached  to  them. 


WAR   DEPARTMENT. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


93 


NAVY   DEPARTMENT. 


This  department  fronts  on  Seventeenth  Street, 
and  is  south  of  the  War  Department.  It,  too, 
will  soon  be 
torn  down,  to 
make  room  for 
the  new  build- 
ing. The  Sec- 
retary's office 
is  at  the  south  i|j| 
end  of  the  cor 
ridor  on  the  : 
second  floor. 


NAVY   DEPARTMENT. 


NEW   STATE,   WTAR,    AND   NAVY    DEPARTMENT. 

South  of  the  present  Navy  Department,  on  Sev- 
enteenth Street,  is  being  erected  the  south  wing  of 
what  will  be  occupied  when  finished  by  the  State, 
War,  and  Navy  Departments.  It  will  be  a  mag- 
nificent addition  to  the  public  buildings  of  Wash- 
ington, when  completed.  It  was  designed  by  A. 
B.  Mullett,  Supervising  Architect  of  the  Treasury 
Department,  and  was  commenced  in  1871.  It 
will  measure  253  by  471  feet,  and  including  pavil- 


94 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


ions  and  steps,  342  by  567  feet.      The  greatest 
height  will  be  128  feet. 


NEW  STATE,   WAR,   AND  NAVY   DEPARTMENTS. 


WINDER  S    BUILDING. 

Corner  of  F  and  Seventeenth  Streets,  opposite 
the  Navy  Department ;  open  from  9  A.  m.  to  2  p.  m. 
The  first  floor  is  occupied  by  the  Chief  Engineer 
of  the  Army.  The  last  room  on  the  corridor,  lead- 
ing to  the  right,  is  the  Battle  Record  Room,  The 
floor  above  is  occupied  by  the  Judge  Advocate 
General  of  the  Army,  and  the  Ordnance  Office. 
On  the  third  floor  is  the  Second  Auditor's  Office. 

Passing  through  the  Ordnance  Office,  the  Ord- 
nance Museum  may  be  reached.     The  objects  of 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY.  95 

interest  are  captured  Confederate  flags ;  United 
States  Army  uniforms,  complete ;  Jeff  Davis's  rifle; 
shells  picked  up  on  battle-fields ;  accoutrements 
used  in  the  army  from  the  earliest  dates,  guns  of 
every  kind,  batteries,  projectiles,  etc. 

SIGNAL   OFFICE. 

Open  from  9  A.M.  to  3  p.m.  This  office  is  under 
the  charge  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army, 
familiarly  known  as  "  Old  Probabilities,"  and  oc- 
cupies two  adjoining  buildings  on  G  Street,  west 
of  the  War  Department.  It  is  plainly  designated 
by  the  various  anemometers,  vanes,  and  wires 
above  the  building. 

The  chief  interest  is  in  the  Instrument  Room,  on 
the  fourth  floor. 

THE   NATIONAL   OBSERVATORY. 

This  is  one  of  the  leading  observatories  in  the 
world,  though  only  founded  in  1842.  It  is  at  the 
foot  of  Twenty-fourth  Street,  and  may  be  reached 
by  a  short  walk  after  leaving  the  Pennsylvania 
Avenue  cars  at  Twenty-third  Street  or  the  Circle. 

It  is  open  from  9  a.m.  to  3  p.m.,  though  some- 
times night  visits  are  permitted  when  the  work  is 
not  pressing. 


96 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


NATIONAL  OBSERVATORY. 


The  grounds  are  about  20  acres  in  extent,  and 
are  quite  beautiful.     On  the  bank  of  the  Potomac 

is  Braddock's 
Rock,  so  call- 
ed from  the 
fact  that  in 
1755  Brad- 
dock's  troops 
landed  here. 

The  main 
building  is  50 
feet  square, 
consisting  of 
a  basement,  two  stories,  crowned  by  a  revolving 
dome,  7  feet  above  the  roof,  and  23  feet  in  diameter. 
The  two  wings  are  26  by  21  feet,  and  18  feet  high. 
East  of  this  east  wing  is  the  residence  of  the  Super- 
intendent. 

In  the  Superintendent's  room  is  a  clock  con- 
nected by  wires  with  clocks  in  the  Treasury  and 
Navy  Departments  and  Signal  Office.  The  appa- 
ratus is  fine,  and  can  be  seen  when  not  in  use. 

Returning  to  Pennsylvania  Avenue  at  the  Wash- 
ington Circle,  the  visitor  may  view  Clark  Mills's 
equestrian  statue  of  Washington.  In  1853  Con- 
gress appropriated  850,000  for  this  statue.  It  was 
cast  out  of  guns  donated  by  Congress,  and  is  fifteen 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


97 


STATUE  OF   WASHINGTON. 


feet  high.  It  represents  Washington  at  the  crisis 
of  the  Battle  of  Princeton,  when  he  rallied  his 
troops  in  the  face  of  the 
enemy.  The  horse  is  shrink- 
ing back  from  the  fire  of  the 
enemy,  but  Washington  sits 
calmly  erect  and  surveys  the ! 
fearful  scene.  The  likeness 
is  considered  very  faithful, 
being  from  a  bust  by  Hou- 
don,  taken  in  Washington's 
lifetime. 

GEORGETOWN. 

Entering  the  cars  going  west  at  the  Washington 
Circle,  it  is  but  a  short  ride  to  Georgetown.  The 
visitor  may  ride 
to  the  end  of 
the  route,  and 
turning  toward 
the  river,a  short 
walk  will  bring 
him  to  the  Aq- 
ueduct Bridge, 
where  the  Al- 
exandria Canal 

Crosses  the  Po-  aqueduct  bridge,  Georgetown. 

tomac.     This  bridge  is  36  feet  above  high-water 
mark,  and  is  about  1400  feet  long.     Crossing  this 


98 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


bridge,  a  walk  or  a  drive  of  a  mile  brings  the  vis- 
itor to 

ARLINGTON   HOUSE, 

Situated  upon  Arlington  Heights.  It  was  the 
home  of  George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  Gen- 
eral Washington's  adopted  son,  and  in  later  years 

it  was  the  residence 
of  General  Robert  E. 
Lee,  who  married  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Cus- 
tis, and  who  aban- 
doned his  home  when 
he  joined  in  the  re- 
bellion. The  estate 
was  sold  under  the 
Confiscation  Act  in  1863,  and  was  taken  possession 
of  in  1864  by  the  Government,  and  200  acres  set 
apart  as  a  National  Cemetery. 

The  house  consists  of  a  centre  building,  60  feet 
long,  and  two  wings,  each  40  feet  long.  A 
portico  60  feet  long  and  25  feet  wide  extends 
along  the  centre  building.  In  the  rear  of  the 
house  are  the  kitchens,  slave  quarters,  stables,  etc. 
The  house  is  situated  upon  an  eminence  about  200 
feet  above  the  river,  from  which  a  lovely  view  is 
to  be  obtained  of  the  Capital. 


ARLINGTON   HOUSE. 


TO   WASHINGTON  CITY. 


99 


NATIONAL  CEMETERY  AT  ARLINGTON. 


THE    CEMETERY 

Was  formally  established  in  1867,  and  now  the 
bodies  of  about  1 6,000  soldiers  repose  in  this  love- 
ly home  for 
the  dead. 

The  white 
soldiers  lie  in 
the  west  ceme- 
tery, and  the 
colored  troops  |W 

in  the  north 
grounds.  In 
the  eastern 
portion  of  the 
west  cemetery  are  the  graves  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Custis.  Upon  the  monument  erected  to  them  are 
their  names  and  dates . 
of  death  ;  Mr.  Custis 
having  died  in  1854, 
and  Mrs.  Custis  in 
1853. 

South  of  the  house 
is  a  granite  sarcopha- 
gus, placed  over  the 
bones  of  2111  un- 
known soldiers,  gathered  from  the  battle-fields  of 
Bull  Run  and  the  route  to  the  Rappahannock, 


MONUMENT  TO  UNKNOWN  SOLDIER?. 


100  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

after  the  war.  The  monument  is  surmounted  by 
cannon  and  balls,  and  bears  the  following  inscrip- 
tion: 

BENEATH  THIS  STONE 

Repose  the  bones  of  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  eleven 

Unknown  soldiers,  gathered  after  the  war 

From  the  fields  of  Bull  Run  and  the  route  to  the  Rappahannock. 

Their  remains  could  not  be  identified,  but  their  names 

And  deaths  are  recorded  in  the  archives  of  the 

Country,  and  its  grateful  citizens 

Honor  them  as  of  their  noble  arrny  of  martyrs.    May  they 

Rest  in  peace. 

September,  A.  D.  1866. 

The  vault  beneath,  in  which  the  remains  are 
placed,  is  30  feet  deep,  and  20  feet  in  diameter. 

GEORGETOWN   COLLEGE. 

Keturning  to  Georgetown,  the  visitor  can  pro- 
ceed to  Georgetown  College,  west  of  the  city  a 
short  distance.  It  is  the  oldest  Roman  Catholic 
College  in  the  country,  having  been  founded  in 
1789.  It  is  under  the  care  of  the  Jesuits.  Boys 
of  all  ages  are  received.  It  has  a  law  and  a  medical 
department  connected  with  it,  and  has  an  astro- 
nomical observatory.  In  the  library  are  many 
rare  and  curious  books,  some  dated  in  the  four- 
teenth century,  and  some  manuscripts  even  older 
than  the  printed  books.     There  are  a  laboratory, 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  101 

and  a  museum  containing  a  collection  of  coins 
and  relics  of  Commodore  Decatur.  The  College 
may  be  visited  every  day  excepting  Sunday. 

THE   CONVENT   OF   THE   VISITATION 

Is  on  Fayette  Street,  a. short  distance  from  the 
College.  It  was  founded  in  1799.  It  is  not  open 
to  visitors,  but  the  academy  connected  with  it  may 
be  visited  on  Wednesday  or  Saturday  after  12  m. 

In  a  vault  at  the  Convent  are  the  remains  of  the 
daughter  of  General  Winfield  Scott,  and  of  the 
daughter  of  Madame  Yturbide. 

Ascending  Market  Street  a  short  distance,  at 
the  head  of  the  street  is  the 

GEORGETOWN   HIGH   SERVICE   RESERVOIR, 

120  feet  in  diameter,  and  capable  of  holding 
1,000,000  gallons.  Continuing  east,  a  short  walk 
along  Koad  Street  leads  to 

OAK    HILL    CEMETERY. 

It  is  open  every  day,  except  Sundays  and  holi- 
days. It  comprises  thirty  acres,  ten  of  which, 
together  with  an  endowment  of  $120,000,  was  the 
gift  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Corcoran.     It  is  an  exceedingly 


102 


STRANGERS  GUIDE 


beautiful  resting-place  for  the  dead.  Its  situation 
is  very  lovely,  being  upon  Georgetown  Heights,  at 
the  foot  of  which  runs  Rock  Creek.  The  chapel 
is  very  picturesque. 

In  the  northeast  portion  of  the  ground  is  the 

Corcoran  mau- 
soleum, and  in 
the  east  portion 
is  the  Van  Ness 
mausoleum, 
which  once 
stood  on  H 
Street,  between 
Ninth  and 

Tenth.  Chief 
Justice  Chase, 
Secretary  E.  M.  Stanton,  and  other  prominent 
men,  are  buried  here. 

Taking  the  first  street  descending  to  the  city,  at 
West  Street  the  visitor  may  enter  the  Metropolitan 
Street  cars  and  return  to  Washington.  Alighting 
at  the  comer  of  Connecticut  Avenue  and  N  Street, 


OAK   HILL   CEMETERY 


THE   SCOTT    STATUE 


May  be  seen  in  the  Square  at  the  intersection  of 
N  and  Sixteenth  Streets  and  Massachusetts  and 
Rhode  Island  Avenues,  two  squares  distant  from 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  .    103 

the  street  cars.  This  statue  was  ordered  in  1867 
by  Congress,  and  was  placed  in  its  present  situation 
during  the  present  year. 

The  General  is  represented  in  full  uniform, 
mounted  upon  a  charger.  Holding  a  pair  of  field 
glasses  resting  against  his  side,  he  is  calmly  sur- 
veying the  field.  The  pedestal  is  14  feet  high  and 
the  statue  15  feet.  The  statue  weighs  12,000 
pounds  and  cost  $20,000.  It  was  designed  by  H. 
K.  Browne,  and  cast  by  Wood  &  Co.,  of  Philadel- 
phia, out  of  bronze  cannon  captured  by  the  Gen- 
eral in  Mexico. 

It  is  much  admired,  and  is  considered  one  of  the 
very  finest  statues  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 
The  pedestal  is  in  five  blocks  of  Cape  Ann  granite, 
the  largest  ever  quarried  in  this  country,  if  not  in 
the  world  ;  that  of  the  platform  being  26  feet  long, 
13  feet  wide,  and  2  feet  thick,  and  weighing  over 
119  tons. 

THE    LOUISE    HOME 

Is  on  Massachusetts  Avenue,  between  Fifteenth 
and  Sixteenth  Streets,  less  than  a  square  from  the 
Scott  Statue.  It  is  open  to  visitors  every  day  ex- 
cept Sundays,  after  12  noon.  It  was  erected  in 
1871,  by  Mr.  Corcoran,  as  a  home  for  educated  re- 
fined women  reduced  to  poverty,  and  is  a  monu- 


104 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


THE  LOTTIE   HOME. 


inent  to  the  memory  of  Mr.  Corcoran'.?  wife  and 
daughter,  both  deceased,  and  bears  their  name. 

It  can  ac- 
commodate 
fifty-five  peo- 
ple, who  are 
invited  there 
by  the  board 
of  directors. 
It  has  an 
e  n  dow  m  e  n  t 
of  $250,000, 
and  cost  in  all 
$200,000. 
A  walk  to  Fourteenth  Street,  or  a  return  to 
Connecticut  Avenue,  will  bring  the  visitor  to  the 
street  cars,  which  will  convey  him  to  any  portion  of 
the  city,  or  a  walk  down  Fifteenth  Street  will  lead 
to  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

If  the  visitor  has  the  inclination  to  drive  to  the 
Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac,  distance  about  15 
miles  above  Georgetown,  it  will  prove  a  delightful 
diversion. 

The  water  which  supplies  Washington  is  carried 
by  aqueduct  from   the   Great  Falls  to  the  Dis- 
tributing Reservoir,  a  distance  of  twelve  miles. 
The  scenery  along  the  road  is  picturesque,  but 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  105 

particularly  so  when  near  the  Falls.  The  water 
makes  a  descent  of  80  feet  in  H  miles,  in  a  series 
of  cascades,  the  highest  being  about  40  feet.  The 
visitor  has  now  ended  the  third  day,  and  been 
guided  to  all  objects  of  interest  in  the  city  and 
its  vicinity. 


DOWN  THE  RIVER  TO  MOUNT  VERNON  AND 
ALEXANDRIA. 


MOUNT  VERNON. 

STEAMER  leaves  daily,  except  Sunday,  at 
10  a.m.,  from  the  foot  of  Seventh  Street, 
for  Mount  Vernon,  and  returns  at  4  p.m. 
The  Seventh  Street  horse-cars  terminate 
the  route  near  the  landing.  The  fare 
for  the  trip  is  $1.50.      Mount    Vernon  is  about 

15  miles  down  the 
Potomac,  and  aside 
from  the  interesting 
ride  down  the  river, 
and  its  own  beautiful 
location,  it  possesses 
the  attraction  of  hav- 
ing been  the  home 
of  the  Father  of  his  Country,  and  the  spot  made 
sacred  by  his  grave. 


MOUNT  VERNON". 


WASHINGTON  CITY 


107 


A  fine  view  of  the  Arsenal  grounds  and  the  In- 
sane Asylum  is  to  be  had  shortly  after  leaving 
Washington.  At  Alexandria  a  short  stop  is  made, 
another  at  Fort  Foote,  and  another  at  Fort  Wash- 
ington. 

Landing  at  Mount  Vernon,  on  the  road  from 
the  wharf  to  the  house  is  the  vault  containing  the 
marble  sarcophagus  in  which  repose  the  remains  of 
Washington.  By  it 
is  another  containing 
the  ashes  of  Martha, 
the  consort  of  Washing- 
ton. Near  are  the 
monuments  to  others 
of  Washington's  fam- 
ily, and  on  the  left  of 
the  path  to  the  mansion  is  the  old  vault  in  which 
the  body  of  Washington  was  first  placed. 

The  house  is  of  wood,  cut  in  imitation  of  stone. 
The  centre  was  built  by  a  brother  of  General 
Washington,  and  the  wings  were  added  afterward 
by  the  General.  Along  the  lawn  are  the  kitchen, 
laundry,  smoke-house,  butler's  cottage,  gardener's 
lodge,  servants'  hall,  and  other  buildings.  The 
garden  is  as  laid  out  by  Washington,  and  on  the 
lawn  are  trees  planted  by  him. 

In  the  hall  is  the  key  of  the  Bastile,  presented  to 


TOMB   OF    WASHINGTON. 


108  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

Washington  by  Lafayette.  In  the  east  parlor  are 
relics  of  Washington.  In  the  dining  hall  are  some 
portraits  of  Washington,  and  the  painting  by  Rem- 
brandt Peale,  of  Washington  before  Yorktoivn.  In 
the  west  parlor  is  an  old  picture  of  the  attack  on 
Carthagena,  1741,  Admiral  Vernon  in  command, 
with  whom  Lawrence,  brother  to  the  General, 
served. 

On  the  second  floor,  at  the  south  end,  is  the 
room  in  which  Washington  died,  December  14, 
1799.  It  is  a  small  room,  and  was  the  one  used 
by  the  General  and  his  wife.  Opening  from  it  are 
a  dressing-room  and  a  storeroom.  The  bed  is  the 
one  upon  which  Washington  died.  After  his  death 
his  widow  closed  the  room  and  occupied  a  small 
room  in  the  attic  until  her  death.  On  this  floor, 
also,  is  the  room  occupied  by  Lafayette.  A  fine 
view  may  be  obtained  from  the  cupola  which  sur- 
mounts the  building. 

The  house  and  grounds  are  the  property  of  the 
Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union, 
incorporated  in  1856. 

Returning  as  far  as  Alexandria  the  visitor  may 
leave  the  steamer,  and,  after  a  visit  to  this  ancient 
city,  return  by  ferry-boat  or  steam  cars  to  Wash- 
ington, distant  six  miles.  The  boats  and  cars  run 
every  hour  from  6  a.m.  to  7  p.m. 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  109 


ALEXANDRIA 

Was  founded  in  1748,  and  called  Bellhaven. 
It  has  a  population  of  over  13,000. 

At  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Cameron 
Streets  is  Christ  Church  (Episcopal),  begun  in 
1765  and  completed  in  1773.  It  is  built  of  bricks 
imported  from  England.  Washington  was  one  of 
the  vestry  of  this  church,  and  his  pew,  No.  59,  is 
still  as  he  occupied  it.  Pew  No.  49  was  used  by- 
General  Robert  E.  Lee,  who  came  here  to  worship 
from  Arlington.  In  the  churchyard  are  some 
quaint  old  tombstones. 

A  National  Cemetery  is  near  the  city,  which  con- 
tains the  bodies  of  nearly  4000  soldiers. 

An  old  building  in  the  court  of  the  Mansion 
House,  on  Fairfax  Street,  is  called  Washington's 
Headquarters,  as  it  is  said  he  occupied  it  when  in 
Alexandria. 


110 


STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


CHURCHES  OF  WASHINGTON. 

Episcopal. — Christ  Church,  Navy  Yard,  G 
Street,  E.,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  Streets,  S. 
St.  John's,  Sixteenth  and  H  Streets,  N.W.  Ascen- 
sion, H  Street,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth,  N.  W. 
Epiphany,   G    Street,   between    Thirteenth    and 


TRINITY   CHURCH. 


>"EW   YORK  AVENUE  CHURCH. 


Fourteenth,  N.  W.  Trinity,  Third  and  C  Streets, 
N.  W.  St.  Mark's,  Third  and  A  Streets,  S.  E. 
Incarnation,  Twelfth  and  N  Streets,  N.  W.  St. 
Paul's  (Ritualistic),  Twenty-third  Street,  south  of 
Circle.  St.  Mary's  (colored ),  Twenty-third  Street, 
between  G  and  H  Streets,  N.  W. 

Presbyterian. — First,  Four-and-a-half  Street,  N. 
W.,  near  City  Hall.     Fourth,  Ninth,  between  G 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY. 


Ill 


and  H  Streets,  N.  W.  Assembly,  Fifth  and  I 
Streets,  N.  W.  New  York  Avenue,  New  York 
Avenue,  between  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Streets,  N.W.  (Colored),  Fifteenth  Street,  between 
I  and  K  Streets,  N.  W. 

Congregational. — First,  Tenth  and  G  Streets, 
N.W. 

Unitarian. — Sixth  and  D  Streets,  N.  W. 


ST.  ALOYSIUS. 


METROPOLITAN. 


Roman  Catholic. — St.  Peter's,  Second  Street,  E., 
near  Pennsylvania  Avenue.  St.  Aloysius,  I 
and  North  Capitol  Streets,  N.  W.  St.  Dominick's, 
Sixth  and  F  Streets,  S.  W.  St.  Patrick's,  Tenth 
and  F  Streets,  N.  W.  St.  Matthew's,  Fifteenth 
and  H  Streets,  N.  W.  St.  Stephen's,  Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue  and  Twenty-fifth  Street,  N.  W.  Im- 
maculate Conception,  N  Street,  between  Seventh 


112  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 

and  Eighth  Streets,  X.  W.  St.  Martin's  (colored), 
Fifteenth  Street,  near  L  Street,  X.  W. 

Methodist  Episcopal. — Wesley  Chapel,  Fifth  and 
F  Streets,  IS".  W.  Metropolitan,  Four-and-a-half 
and  C  Streets,  X.  W.  McKendree,  Massachusetts 
Avenue,  near  Ninth  Street,  X.  W.  Hamline, 
Xinth  and  P  Streets,  X.  W.  Foundry,  Fourteenth 
and  G  Streets,  X.  W.  Asbury  (colored),  K  and 
Eleventh  Streets,  X.  W. 

Methodist  Epnscopal,  South. — Mount  Vernon, 
Ninth  and  K  Streets,  X.  W. 

Methodist  Protestant. — Xinth  Street,  between  E 
and  F,  N.  W. 

Friends. — Orthodox,  Thirteenth  Street,  between 
R  and  S,  X.  W.  Hicksite,  I  Street,  between 
Eighteenth  and  Xineteenth,  X.  W. 

German  Reformed. — First,  Sixth  and  X  Streets, 

X.  w. 

Baptist. — First,  Thirteenth  Street,  between  G 
and  H,  X.  W.  Shiloh,  Massachusetts  Avenue, 
between  Xinth  and  Tenth  Streets,  X.  W.  Cal- 
vary, H  and  Eighth  Streets,  X.  W.  E  Street,  E 
Street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  Streets,  X.  W. 
First  (colored ),  Xineteenth  and  I  Streets,  X.  W. 

Christian. — Vermont  Avenue,  above  X  Street, 

X.  w. 

Hebrew. — Washington    Hebrew   Congregation, 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  113 

Eighth  Street,  between  H  and  I  Streets,  N.  "W. 
Services,  Friday,  7  p.m.     Saturday,  9  a.m. 

Lutheran. — Trinity  (Unaltered,  Augsburg  Con- 
fession), Fourth  and  E  Streets,  N.  W.  St.  Paul's, 
Eleventh  and  H  Streets,  N.  W.  Memorial,  Four- 
teenth and  N  Streets,  N.  W. 

Universalist. — Masonic  Hall,  Ninth  and  F 
Streets,  N.  W. 

HOTELS. 

Arlington. — Vermont  Avenue,  near  H  Street, 
N.  W.     $5.00  per  day. 

Ebbitt  — Fourteenth  and  F  Streets,  N.W.  $4.00 
per  day. 

WillaroVs. — Fourteenth  and  Pennsylvania  Ave- 
nue, $4.50  per  day. 

Imperial. — E  Street,  between  Thirteenth  and 
Fourteenth,  N.  W.     $4.00  per  day. 

St.  Marc. — (European),  Seventh  Street  and 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  N.  W. 

Metropolitan. — Pennsylvania  Avenue,  near  Sev- 
enth Street.     $4.00  per  day. 

National. — Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  Sixth 
Street,  N.  W.     $4.00  per  day. 

St.  James. — (European),  Pennsylvania  Avenue 
and  Sixth  Street,  opposite  National. 


114  STRANGER'S  GUIDE 


RAILROADS. 

Baltimore  and  Potomac. — For  north,  south,  east, 
and  west.  Depot,  corner  Sixth  and  B  Streets, 
N.  W. 

Baltimore  and  Ohio. — For  north,  east,  and  west. 
Depot,  corner  New  Jersey  Avenue  and  C  Street, 
N.  W. 

STREET    CARS. 

Washington  and  Georgetown. — From  Georgetown 
to  the  Navy  Yard,  connecting  with  the  Fourteenth 
Street  and  Columbia  lines,  at  Fifteenth  and  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue,  exchange  tickets  given  here  for 
Fourteenth  Street  line ;  with  the  Metropolitan  line 
at  Ninth  Street ;  with  Seventh  Street  branch  at 
Seventh  Street,  exchange  tickets  given  here.  At 
the  west  gate  of  the  Capitol,  the  green  cars  turn  to 
the  left  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Depot,  and  the 
red  cars  turn  to  the  right  for  the  Navy  Yard. 

Fourteenth  Street  Branch. —  From  New  York 
Avenue  and  Fifteenth  Street  to  the  boundary.  Ex- 
change tickets  given  for  Pennsylvania  Avenue  lines. 

Seventh  Street  Branch. — From  the  boundary  to 
the  river.     At  Massachusetts  Avenue  thev  connect 


TO  WASHINGTON  CITY.  115 

with  the  Columbia  line,  and  at  F  Street  with  the 
Metropolitan  line,  and  at  Pennsylvania  Avenue 
with  the  Pennsylvania  Avenue  line,  for  which  they 
give  exchange  tickets. 

Metropolitan  Railway. —From  Seventeenth  Street, 
south  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  to  Senate  wing  of 
Capitol.  Intersects  the  Fourteenth  Street  and  the 
Columbia  lines  at  Fourteenth  Street  and  New  York 
Avenue ;  the  Ninth  Street  branch  (for  which  ex- 
change tickets  are  given)  at  Ninth  and  F  Streets; 
and  the  Seventh  Street  line  at  Seventh  and  F 
Streets. 

The  Georgetown  and  East  Capitol  Street  Branch 
of  this  line  runs  from  Georgetown  to  Lincoln 
Square. 

The  Ninth  Street  Branch. — from  terminus  of 
Ninth  Street  northwest  to  the  Arsenal  gate. 

Silver  Spring  Branch. — From  terminus  of  Seventh 
Street  northwest  to  the  road  leading  to  Soldiers' 
Home  and  Rock  Creek  Church. 

Columbia  Railway. — From  New  York  Avenue 
and  Fifteenth  Street,  to  boundary,  east.  At  Ninth 
Street  they  intersect  the  Metropolitan,  at  Seventh 
Street  the  Seventh  Street  line. 


116  STRANGER'S  GUIDE. 


THEATRES. 


National  Theatre. — E  Street,  between  Thirteenth 
and  Fourteenth  Streets. 

Ford's  Opera  House. — Ninth  Street,  south  of 
Pennsylvania  Avenue. 


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